Table 3.
Summary of quality review of included studies (assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool) where 1 represents low risk of bias/low concern of applicability, 2 represents unclear/inadequate information to make judgement, and 3 represents high risk of bias/high concern of applicability.
| Study authors (year) | Risk of bias | Applicability concerns | |||||
| Patient Selection |
Index Test | Reference Standard | Flow and Timing | Patient Selection | Index Test | Reference Standard | |
| Abu-Ghanem et al (2015) [25] | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Khoza-Shangase et al (2013) [28] | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Peer et al (2015) [29] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Szudek et al (2012) [21] | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Handzel et al (2013) [24] | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Foulad et al (2013) [27] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yeung et al (2013) [20] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yeung et al (2015) [22] | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Larrosa et al (2015) [23] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Swanepoel et al (2014) [30] | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Richards et al (2015) [26] | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |