Table 2.
Results Related to Awareness of Participants in the Study (Female Students of Midwifery, Nursing, and Medical Sciences and Female Staff of Hospitals) about Prevention of Cervical Cancer (N=680)
| Field | Options | Number (%) | Field | Options | Number (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevention of cervical cancer | Drugs | 96 (14.1) | Source of information | Parents | 44(6.5) |
| Vaccination | 56 (8.2) | Classrooms | 325 (47.8) | ||
| Healthy nutrition | 97 (14.3) | Internet | 124 (18.2) | ||
| sports | 87 (12.8) | Books and journals | 163 (24.0) | ||
| Proper personal hygiene | 377 (55.4) | Providers of health services | 110 (16.2) | ||
| Safe sexual behaviours | 362 (53.2) | Mass media (T.V., radio…) | 98 (14.4) | ||
| Diagnosing cervical cancer | Pap smear test | 466 (68.5) | Risk factors | Early marriage | 265 (24.3) |
| Papilloma virus test | 142 (20.9) | Early pregnancy | 125 (18.4) | ||
| Scan | 25 (3.7) | Having several sex partners | 341 (50.1) | ||
| Not identifiable | 16 (2.4) | Cigar | 124 (18.2) | ||
| I don’t know | 115 (16.9) | Family history | 143 (21.0) | ||
| Symptoms of cervical cancer | Menstrual irregularities | 209 (45.4) | human Papilloma virus | 200 (29.4) | |
| Vaginal destruction | 137 (20.1) | HIV | 73 (10.7) | ||
| Pain | 148 (21.8) | Bacteria | 36 (5.3) | ||
| Bleeding after intercourse | 281 (41.3) | Genetic | 69(10.1) | ||
| Weight loss | 79 (11.6) | I don’t know | 94 (13.8) | ||
| Decreased appetite | 54 (7.9) | Groups at risk of cervical cancer incidence | Poor women | 164 (24.1) | |
| Renal problems | 20 (2.9) | Wealthy women | 32 (4.7) | ||
| Without clear symptoms | 16 (2.4) | Housewives | 24 (3.5) | ||
| I don’t know | 143 (21.0) | Women with outdoors job | 43 (6.3) | ||
| Prostitutes | 345 (50.7) | ||||
| No difference | 122 (17.9) | ||||
| I don’t know | 103 (15.1) | ||||
| Controlling cervical cancer | Oral drugs | 61 (9) | Consequence of lack of cervical cancer control and therapy | Renal problems | 49 (7.2) |
| Traditional medicine/ herbal medicine | 57 (8.4) | Not to have baby | 262 (38.5) | ||
| Sport | 111 (16.3) | Death | 327 (48.1) | ||
| I don’t know | 125 (18.4) | ||||
| Considering advices of physician | 402 (59.1) | Ways for diagnosing Papilloma virus | Blood test | 82 (12.1) | |
| Trust in God | 105 (15.4) | Pap smear | 374 (55) | ||
| I don’t know | 96 (14.1) | PCR | 66 (9.7) | ||
| Routes of papilloma virus transmission (HPV) | Mouth | 42 (6.2) | Biopsy | 65 (9.6) | |
| I don’t know | 166 (24.4) | ||||
| Sexual relationships | 432 (63.5) | ||||
| Blood | 102 (15.1) | ||||
| Environment | 21 (3.1) | ||||
| I don’t know | 137 (20.1) | ||||
| Minimum time period to run Pap smear | 1 year | 188 (27.6) |