Table 1.

The application of genomics in lactation research in dairy cows.

Methodology	Sample Source	Candidate Genes/Biomarker	References
Milk production
A combination of mapping and molecular approaches	Cattle whole genome shotgun (WGS) downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information	The ras-related protein rap-1A on bovine chromosome 3, insulin-like growth factor 2	[12,13]
Milk composition
Bayesian stochastic search variable selection model	Milk	Diacylglycerol-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1), DGAT1 K232A, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 A293 V polymorphisms, sterol response element-binding protein-1	[14,15,16]
Animal model in ASReml or capillary zone electrophoresis	Milk	β-casein (CN) genotype and the κ-CN genotype, variants of the β-lactoglobulin (LG) genotype B and the β-κ-CN haplotype A2B	[17,18]
Mastitis
Genome-wide association studies	Blood	SNPs on Bos Taurus autosome 4 (BTA4), BTA18, and BTA6	[19]