Table 1.
Study | Model | Drug/Dose/Duration | Major Effects |
---|---|---|---|
Malatiali et al. [29] | STZ-diabetic rats | phlorizin, 800 mg/kg, 6 days (initial dose: 400 mg/kg) | ↓ Glomerular hyperfiltration, |
↓ Kidney size, | |||
↓ Oxidative stress | |||
Osorio et al. [30] | STZ-diabetic rats | phlorizin, 400 mg/kg, 30 days | ↓ Oxidative stress |
Vallon et al. [27] | Akita mice | empagliflozin, 300 mg/kg, 15 weeks | ↓ Glomerular hyperfiltration, |
↓ Albuminuria, | |||
↓ Kidney Weight, | |||
↓ Inflammation | |||
Gembardt et al. [31] | BTBR ob/ob mice | empagliflozin, diet containing 300 ppm of empagliflozin, 12 weeks | ↓ Albuminuria, |
↓ Glomerular hypertrophy, | |||
↓ Inflammation, | |||
↓ Mesangial matrix expansion | |||
BTBR ob/ob mice with hypertension (angiotensin-II infusion) | empagliflozin, 300 ppm, 12 weeks | ↓ Albuminuria | |
Ojima et al. [32] | STZ-diabetic rats | empagliflozin, 10 mg/kg, 4 weeks | ↔ Albuminuria, |
↓ AGE/RAGE, | |||
↓ Oxidative stress, | |||
↓ Inflammation, | |||
↓ Fibrotic gene markers, | |||
↓ Tubular injury | |||
Gangadharan Komala et al. [38] | eNOS-deficient-STZ-diabetic mice | empagliflozin, 10 mg/kg, 19 weeks | ↔ Albuminuria, |
↔ Glomerulosclerosis, | |||
↔ Interstitial fibrosis, | |||
↔ TGF-β, | |||
↔ Fibronectin, | |||
↔ MCP-1 | |||
Gallo et al. [39] | db/db mice | empagliflozin, 10 mg/kg, 10 weeks | ↔ Albuminuria |
↓ Profibrotic gene markers, | |||
↓ Fibronectin, | |||
↓ TGF-β | |||
Kojima et al. [34] | T2DN rats (McWi strain) | luseogliflozin, 10 mg/kg, 3 weeks | ↔ Proteinuria |
↓ Glomerulosclerosis | |||
Terami et al. [35] | db/db mice | dapagliflozin, 0.1 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg, 12 weeks | ↓ Albuminuria, |
↓ Oxidative stress, | |||
↓ Inflammation | |||
Hatanaka et al. [36] | Akita mice | dapagliflozin, 1.0 mg/kg, 12 weeks | ↓ Albuminuria, |
↓ Oxidative stress, | |||
↓ Macrophage infiltration | |||
Nagata et al. [37] | db/db mice | tofogliflozin, Diet containing 0.005% or 0.015% of tofogliflozin, 8 weeks | ↓ Albuminuria, |
↓ Glomerular hypertrophy | |||
Wang et al. [23] | db/db mice | JNJ39933673, Diet containing 0.07 g/kg of JNJ39933673, 12 weeks | ↓ Albuminuria, |
↓ Mesangial expansion, | |||
↓ Podocyte injury, | |||
↓ Renal lipid accumulation |
STZ: Streptozotocin; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; TGF-β: Transformative growth factor β; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; AGE–RAGE: Advanced glycated end products-receptor for AGE; T2DN: Type 2 diabetic nephropathy.