Table 3.
1. Harnessing Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunity |
Combine Oncolytic Viruses (OVs) with immune checkpoint blocking antibodies [65] |
Combine OVs with hyperthermia and activated T cells [86,90,91] |
Use bispecific and trispecific antibody fusion proteins to improve tumor targeting of T cells [94] and of OVs [97] |
Combine OVs with approved chemotherapeutic drugs and small molecules [96] |
Combine OVs with pharmaceutical immunomodulators [95] |
2. Using NDV as Vector against New Emerging Virus Diseases |
Use viral HN gene as vaccine adjuvant [103] |
Incorporate into a recNDV vector one or more foreign genes to achieve stable and high expression levels [98,99] |
Follow positive experiences with avian influenza viruses [100] and SARS-CoV [101] |
Abbreviatons: HN, Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein; OV, Oncolytic virus; recNDV, recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector; SARS-CoV, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.