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. 2017 Jun;187(6):1413–1425. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.012

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Interferon (IFN)-γ and osteoclast-related markers after T-cell activation in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) specimens. Relative gene expression (in stimulated calcified areas of stenotic valves, normalized to unstimulated calcified areas) of IFN-γ (A), Granzyme B (B), CD8A (C), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL; D), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP; G), and Cathepsin K (H). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IFN-γ (E) and RANKL (F) in the conditioned medium before adding the cell activation cocktail (CAC), labeled as Before, and after 24 and 48 hours, indicated by After/1 and After/2, respectively. n = 72 cusp portions (A–D and G–H); n = 63 (E); n = 20 (F). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001. GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.