Table 2.
CRP concentrations (nmol/L) in the presence and absence of maternal conditions in pregnancy and lactation1
| PREGNANCY | LACTATION | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Environmental hazards | ||||
| Wood smoke | 52.2 ± 4.9 (n = 114) |
41.7 ± 19.8 (n = 6) |
28.0 ± 3.7 (n = 93) |
24.4 ± 8.4 (n = 6) |
| Fieldwork | 52.3 ± 7.5 (n = 60) |
51.0 ± 5.9 (n = 60) |
24.0 ± 4.7 (n = 41) |
30.4 ± 5.0 (n = 58) |
| Micronutrient status | ||||
| Folic acid < 10 nmol/L | 61.1 ± 11.6 (n = 25) |
49.2 ± 5.1 (n = 95) |
30.1 ± 6.7 (n = 31) |
26.7 ± 4.2 (n = 68) |
| Vitamin B12 < 150 pmol/L | 48.8 ± 4.9 (n = 103) |
68.7 ± 15.5 (n = 17) |
24.6 ± 4.5 (n = 46) |
30.5 ± 5.4 (n = 53) |
| Vitamin A < 1.05 μmol/L | 59.5 ± 8.9 (n = 46) |
47.1 ± 5.3 (n = 73) |
30.2 ± 11.7 (n = 18) |
27.3 ± 3.6 (n = 79) |
| Vitamin A > 1.5 μmol/L | 35.6 ± 6.5 (n = 22) |
55.2 ± 5.5 (n = 98) |
30.6 ± 5.5a
(n = 39) |
26.0 ± 4.8b
(n = 58) |
| Vitamin D < 50 nmol/L | 54.2 ± 5.8 (n = 82) |
46.1 ± 8.2 (n = 38) |
25.7 ± 3.9 (n = 68) |
32.3 ± 7.5 (n = 31) |
| Clinically detected Infections | ||||
| Caries | 74.0 ± 12.2a
(n = 25) |
45.8 ± 4.9b
(n = 95) |
21.4 ± 8.3b
(n = 18) |
29.2 ± 3.9a
(n = 81) |
| Scabies | 53.1 ± 11.8 (n = 26) |
51.2 ± 5.1 (n = 94) |
25.8 ± 9.5 (n = 8) |
27.9 ± 3.8 (n = 91) |
| Laboratory detected infections | ||||
| AB/UTI | 53.5 ± 7.1 (n = 63) |
47.1 ± 6.1 (n = 55) |
26.0 ± 6.4 (n = 34) |
30.0 ± 4.5 (n = 60) |
| Bacterial vaginosis | 52.5 ± 6.0 (n = 73) |
50.8 + 7.9 (n = 46) |
21.7 ± 4.3 (n = 50) |
22.8 ± 5.6 (n = 29) |
| Lactobacillus | 48.8 ± 6.7 (n = 59) |
54.8 ± 6.8 (n = 60) |
22.2 ± 6.9 (n = 21) |
22.0 ± 3.9 (n = 58) |
| Bacteroides/Gardnerella | 51.5 ± 4.8 (n = 114) |
59.4 ± 29.6 (n = 5) |
22.5 ± 3.5 (n = 77) |
5.2 ± 4.3 (n = 2) |
| Mobiluncus | 48.8 ± 4.9 (n = 95) |
63.9 ± 13.7 (n = 24) |
20.6 ± 3.4 (n = 69) |
31.4 ± 13.4 (n = 10) |
| Vaginal Trichomoniasis | 52.8 ± 5.8 (n = 88) |
49.1 ± 8.0 (n = 31) |
23.0 ± 3.7 (n = 72) |
12.0 ± 3.7 (n = 7) |
| Vaginal yeast infection | 47.2 ± 10.3 (n = 33) |
53.3 ± 5.2 (n = 87) |
16.0 ± 5.7 (n = 9) |
22.9 ± 3.8 (n = 70) |
| Vaginal Diplococcal infection | 64.4 ± 14.3 (n = 24) |
48.6 ± 4.7 (n = 95) |
18.1 ± 4.5 (n = 25) |
23.9 ± 4.5 (n = 54) |
| Ascaris | 44.0 ± 8.1b
(n = 39) |
55.3 ± 5.8a
(n = 81) |
35.0 ± 11.9 (n = 4) |
35.9 ± 10.4 (n = 19) |
| Hookworm | 55.9 ± 6.5 (n = 68) |
46.1 ± 6.8 (n = 52) |
34.8 ± 14.7 (n = 11) |
36.5 ± 10.6 (n = 12) |
| Trichuris | 33.3 ± 10.9 (n = 15) |
54.3 ± 5.1 (n = 105) |
49.4 ± 27.3 (n = 2) |
34.4 ± 9.4 (n = 21) |
1Values are means ± SE; different letter superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05