Table 6.

Main effects reported by participants after the workshop

Type of knowledge use	Examples of knowledge use reported by participants
Knowledge dissemination (persuasive use)	- Preparing a report after the workshop for one’s superiors - Reporting to the members of a civil society organisation - Discussing the results at a meeting in a health centre - Loaning the policy briefs to colleagues to make them aware of the results
Confirmation (persuasive use)	- Confirming observations made by participants in the field (improper use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), doing more than just distributing mosquito nets, etc.) - Confirming a belief that there was not a rise in prescriptions after the introduction of free healthcare
Learning (conceptual use)	- Learning about the researchers’ data collection process - Learning about the existence of research projects on malaria in Kaya and about the results - Theoretical learning (e.g. a positive RDT is required for each malaria case treated, free healthcare is not effective everywhere, household behaviours affect malaria propagation) - Results inspiring new ideas: following the example of the researchers’ data collection methods to send more workers into the field
Change (instrumental use)	- Reorienting certain interventions to better achieve the objectives - Individual awareness-raising: ensuring each patient has his own mosquito net - Changing practices in some health centres: waiting 20 days before repeating a treatment if the RDT is positive - Conducting home visits to verify the use of mosquito nets

Source: individual interviews with workshop participants (n = 7)