Table 4. .
Knee-Sprain Injury Mechanisms by Specific Diagnosis in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Football Players, 2012 Through 2014 Seasons
| Level of Play |
Injury Mechanism, No. (%) |
|||||
| Player Contact |
Surface Contact |
Equipment Contact |
Noncontact |
Missing |
Total |
|
| Youth | ||||||
| MCL | 9 (60.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 | 5 (33.3)a | 0 | 15 (100.0) |
| LCL | 7 (58.3) | 0 | 0 | 4 (33.3) | 1 (8.3) | 12 (100.0) |
| ACL | 0 | 1 (50.0)a,b | 0 | 1 (50.0) | 0 | 2 (100.0) |
| PCL | 1 (100.0)a,b | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100.0) |
| Cap | 3 (100.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (100.0) |
| Total | 20 (60.6) | 2 (6.1) | 0 | 10 (30.3)a | 1 (3.0) | 33 (100.0) |
| High school | ||||||
| MCL | 104 (72.2)c | 6 (4.2) | 2 (1.4) | 29 (20.1)d | 3 (2.1) | 144 (100.0) |
| LCL | 23 (51.1) | 2 (4.4) | 0 | 13 (28.9) | 7 (15.6) | 45 (100.0) |
| ACL | 44 (44.9) | 10 (10.2) | 0 | 36 (36.7) | 8 (8.2) | 98 (100.0) |
| PCL | 8 (42.1) | 3 (15.8) | 0 | 7 (36.8) | 1 (5.3) | 19 (100.0) |
| Cap | 5 (71.4) | 0 | 0 | 1 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | 7 (100.0) |
| Total | 184 (58.8)c | 21 (6.7) | 2 (0.6) | 86 (27.5)d | 20 (6.4) | 313 (100.0) |
| Collegiate | ||||||
| MCL | 200 (87.0) | 7 (3.0) | 0 | 15 (6.5) | 8 (3.5) | 230 (100.0) |
| LCL | 13 (61.9) | 2 (9.5) | 0 | 6 (28.6) | 0 | 21 (100.0) |
| ACL | 41 (49.4) | 7 (8.4) | 0 | 33 (39.8) | 2 (2.4) | 83 (100.0) |
| PCL | 9 (34.6) | 12 (46.2) | 0 | 3 (11.5) | 2 (7.7) | 26 (100.0) |
| Cap | 8 (57.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0 | 4 (28.6) | 1 (7.1) | 14 (100.0) |
| Total | 271 (72.5) | 29 (7.8) | 0 | 61 (16.3) | 13 (3.5) | 374 (100.0) |
Abbreviations: ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; Cap, capsular sprain; LCL, lateral collateral ligament; MCL, medial collateral ligament; PCL, posterior cruciate ligament.
a
Youth estimate greater than collegiate estimate (injury proportion ratio [IPR] > 1.00).
b
Youth estimate greater than high school estimate (IPR > 1.00).
c
Collegiate estimate greater than high school estimate (IPR > 1.00).
d
High school estimate greater than collegiate estimate (IPR > 1.00).