Skip to main content
. 2015 Feb 16;8(2):751–783. doi: 10.3390/ma8020751

Table 3.

Qualitative influence of different non-metallic inclusions (NMI) on some mechanical properties and mechanical machinability of steels.

Non-Metallic Inclusions (NMI) SiO2, SiO2-MnO-... Al2O3, Al2O3-MgO CaO, CaO-Al2O3, CaO-Al2O3-..., CaO-SiO2-… MnS, (Mn,Fe)S Ca(O,S), CaS, (Ca,Mn)S REM-Ox, REM(O,S)x, REM-Sx ZrN, Zr(N,C), TiN, Ti(N,C), VN, V(N,C), BN, B(N,C), BC
Effect of NMI on the mechanical properties of steel. No or some anisotropy of mechanical properties of steel due to low elongation of silicate inclusions during deformation. No anisotropy of mechanical properties of steel.
  • -

    No anisotropy of mechanical properties of steel.

  • -

    Increasing of ductility and toughness of steel.
  • -

    Very high (×1.5~10) anisotropy of mechanical properties of steel due to elongation of MnS during deformation.

  • -

    Significant decreasing of toughness, weldability and level of cold brittleness of steel.

  • -

    Large corrosion of steel.
  • -

    Low or no anisotropy of mechanical properties of steel.

  • -

    Increasing of ductility and toughness of steel.
  • -

    Low or no anisotropy of mechanical properties of steel.

  • -

    Improved ductility, toughness of steel, fatigue resistance of steel, impact strength, cold brittleness threshold.

  • -

    Improved corrosion resistance of steel.
  • -

    No anisotropy of mechanical properties of steel.

  • -

    Significant increase of strength of steel, decreasing of toughness of steel.
Effect of NMI on the machinability of steel.
  • -

    Cutting force and power consumption is very high.

  • -

    Chip formation is poor or normal.

  • -

    Tool wear rate is very high due to hard and abrasive NMI.
  • -

    Cutting force and power consumption is very high.

  • -

    Chip formation is poor or normal.

  • -

    Tool wear rate is very high due to hard and abrasive NMI.
  • -

    Cutting force and power consumption is high.

  • -

    Chip formation is good or normal.

  • -

    Tool wear rate is very low due to soft NMI and good lubrication effect.
  • -

    Cutting force and power consumption is low or middle.

  • -

    Chip formation is good.

  • -

    Tool wear rate is low due to soft and ductile NMI and some lubrication effect.
  • -

    Cutting force and power consumption is low or middle.

  • -

    Chip formation is normal.

  • -

    Tool wear rate is low due to some lubrication effect of NMI.
  • -

    Cutting force and power consumption is high or middle.

  • -

    Chip formation is poor or normal.

  • -

    Tool wear rate is low or normal due to some lubrication effect of NMI.
  • -

    Cutting force and power consumption is middle.

  • -

    Chip formation is normal.

  • -

    Tool wear rate is low, normal or high depending on hardness, size and number of NMI.