Fig 1.

General treatment algorithm for patients recommended for upfront surgical resection or neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgical resection at Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center. *Multidisciplinary consultation after each computed tomography (CT) scan to determine management plan regarding a continuation of the treatment algorithm versus a change in treatment approach, including potential surgical resection. †Adjuvant chemoradiation is pursued only for patients who did not receive radiation preoperatively. Close surgical resection margin is classified as ≤ 1 mm. mFOLFIRINOX, modified fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin.