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Experimental specimen groups and their different surface treatments.
| Group Code | Surface Treatment Method | Etching Time |
|---|---|---|
| APA | Airborne-particle abrasion | Not applicable |
| 10F5 and 10F30 | 10% hydrofluoric acid etching | 5 and 30 min, respectively |
| 20F5 and 20F30 | 20% hydrofluoric acid etching | 5 and 30 min, respectively |
| 30F5 and 30F30 | 30% hydrofluoric acid etching | 5 and 30 min, respectively |
