Table 4.
Risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions or nonpreventable adverse drug events.
| Risk factor | Rashed et al.18 |
Thiesen et al.19 |
Silva et al.20 |
Dos Santos and Coelho16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multivariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
Bivariate/multivariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|
| (OR; CI 95%; p) | (HR; CI 95%; p) | (OR; CI 95%; p) | (OR; CI 95%; p) | |
| Age | 11–18-years old (2.1; 1.1–3.8; 0.02) |
Increasing age (1.06; 1.04–1.07; <0.001) |
<48 months (2.1; 1.19–3.72; 0.01) |
– |
| Gender | – | – | – | Male (2.83; 1.19–6.73; <0.05) |
| Prescription drugs | Number of low-risk drugs prescribed (≥1) (2.3; 1.4–4.0; 0.002) |
Increase in the number of prescription drugs (1.25; 1.22–1.28; <0.001) |
Increase in the number of prescription drugs (≥5)*
(2.19; 1.14–4.20, 0.01) |
Number of drugs administered (6–10) (7.45; 1.88–29.65; <0.001) |
| Number of low-risk drugs prescribed (5–10) (4.7; 2.4–9.3; <0.001) |
Received a GA (6.38; 5.30–7.68; <0.001) |
Number of drugs administered (≥11) (20.33; 3.57–115.73; <0.05) |
||
| Number of low-risk drugs prescribed (>10) (11.5; 3.6–36.3; <0.001) |
– | – | – | |
| Number of high-risk drugs prescribed (≥2) (2.4; 1.0–5.6; 0.04) |
– | – | – | |
| Number of high-risk drugs prescribed (>3) (6.5; 2.7–16.0; <0.001) |
– | – | – | |
| Length of stay | – | – | Increase in length of stay*
(slope coefficient: 2.75; p = 0.001) |
– |
| Diagnoses | D50–D89 (2.3; 1.0–5.1; 0.04) |
Oncology (1.89; 1.36–2.63; <0.001) |
– | – |
| G00–G99 (2.3; 1.3–4.2; 0.006) |
– | – | – | |
| P00–P96 (2.6; 1.0–6.5; 0.04) |
– | – | – | |
| Combinations | – | – | Age < 48 months + increase in the number of drugs (≥5) (2.05; 1.18–3.57; 0.01) |
– |
CI, confidence interval; GA, general anesthetic; D50–D89, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism; G00–G99, diseases of the nervous system; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; P00–P96, certain conditions originating in the perinatal period; p, significance level.
*
Variables related to the bivariate analysis.