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. 2014 Jun 11;7(6):4367–4410. doi: 10.3390/ma7064367

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© 2014 by the authors.

licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

(a) Typical CL spectrum of biomedical 3Y-TZP. Three distinct emissions from oxygen-related defects with different structures overlap in the CL spectrum of ZrO₂, namely the bands referred to F⁺, F_A⁺, and F_AA⁺ centers. Two extrinsic CL emissions also arise from the presence of Al₂O₃ dopant in biomedical 3Y-TZP; (b) evolution of CL intensity (or oxygen-vacancy annihilation) upon exposure time in hydrothermal environment of biomedical 3Y-TZP in an autoclave operating at 121 °C under 2 bar pressure of water vapor. The size of the used symbols corresponds to the standard deviation of the measured CL intensity. The derivative of the curve is also shown, which represents the vacancy annihilation rate on the surface.