Table 1.

Current most popular and deployed combination alternatives for total hip replacement surgery [37]. Titanium alloys mostly used are Ti₆Al₄V. Ceramics are split between yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP), Alumina (Al₂O₃), and their dispersion ceramics alumina-stabilized zirconia (ATZ) and zirconia-stabilized alumina (ZTA). For a more in depth discussion of these ceramics please refer to [32].

Component	Material class	Most used material
Femoral stem	metal	CoCrMo-wrought, Ti-alloys, stainless steel
Femoral head	metal	CoCrMo-cast, stainless steel
	ceramic	Alumina (pure or zirconia-toughened), zirconia
Acetabular cup liner	polymer	UHMWPE, XLPE
	metal	CoCrMo-cast
	ceramic	Alumina (pure or zirconia-toughened), zirconia
Acetabular cup shell	metal	Commercially pure titanium, stainless steel