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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Lab Int. 2016 Nov;40:18–23.

Figure 1.

Figure 1

RAS pathway is prognostic in breast cancer. (A) A schematic illustration of the EGFR/HER2/RAS signalling pathway is shown. The two upstream receptors, EGFR/HER2, the midstream kinases, phospho-ERK, and the most downstream signalling gatekeeper, SIAH E3 ligase, were highlighted. (B) SIAH and/or EGFR expression can be used to monitor tumour responses and identify resistant tumour clones post-NST and strategy patients. The therapy-induced changes in SIAH and EGFR expression, are highly prognostic in identifying effective/ineffective therapies, differentiating partial responders, identifying resistant tumour clones and predicting remission/relapse in breast cancer patients with lymph node metastases at first line therapy. EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; MAPK, mitogen-activate protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activate protein kinase kinase; NST, neoadjuvant systemic therapy; RAF, rapidly accelerated fi brosarcoma; SIAH, seven in absentia homologue. (Adapted from van Reesema et al. SIAH and EGFR, two RAS pathway biomarkers, are highly prognostic in locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 11: 183–198 [50]).