Table 2. Countries included in this study with publications included from the systematic literature search.
| Country | Income1 | Primary school net enrolment ratio2 | Demo3/ National (funding source)3 | Vaccination venue(s) | Year/s HPV vaccination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bhutan [15–21] | Lower-middle | 88.1 (2013) | Demo (GAP) | School | 2009 |
| National (ACCF) | School | 2010 | |||
| Health facility + outreach | 2011–13 | ||||
| School + health facility + outreach | 2014- | ||||
| Bolivia [19, 20] | Lower-middle | 81.6 (2013) | Demo 1 (GAP) | School + health facility | 2009 |
| Demo 2 (GAP) | School + health facility + outreach | 2009 | |||
| Demo 3 (GAP) | School + health facility | 2010 | |||
| Demo 4 (GAP) | School + health facility | 2010–11 | |||
| Botswana [22–24] | Upper-middle | 83.8 (2009) | Demo (WB) | School | 2013 |
| Demo (MOH) | School + health facility | 2014 | |||
| National (Govt.) | School + health facility | 2015 | |||
| Brazil [25–29] | Lower-middle | 94.4 (2005) | Demo (GAP) | School | 2010–11 |
| Demo (MOH) | School + outreach | 2010–12 | |||
| National (Govt.) | School + health facility | 2014- | |||
| Burkina Faso | Low | 67.5 (2013) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- |
| Cambodia [19, 20] | Low | 98.4 (2012) | Demo 1 (GAP) | Health facility | 2009–10 |
| Demo 2 (GAP) | School + health facility | 2010–11 | |||
| Cameroon [19, 20, 30–34] | Lower-middle | 91.5 (2012) | Demo 1 (GAP) | School + health facility | 2010 |
| Demo 2 Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- | |||
| Chile [35] | High | 92.7 (2012) | National (Govt.) | School + health facility | 2014- |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Lower-middle | 61.9 (2009) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- |
| Ethiopia | Low | 67.9 (2006) | Demo (Gavi) | School + outreach | 2015- |
| The Gambia | Low | 68.7 (2013) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- |
| Georgia [20] | Lower-middle | 96.5 (2013) | Demo 1 (GAP) | Health facility | 2010 |
| Demo 2 (GAP) | Health facility + outreach | 2010–14 | |||
| Ghana | Lower-middle | 88.9 (2014) | Demo 1 (GAP) | School | 2013 |
| Demo 2 (Gavi) | Year 1: School. Year 2: School + health facility + outreach | 2013–15 | |||
| Guyana | Lower-middle | 71.5 (2012) | Demo (GAP) | School + health facility | 2012–13 |
| National (Govt) | NA | 2014 | |||
| Haiti [19, 20] | Low | NA | Demo (GAP) | School | 2009 |
| Honduras [20] | Lower-middle | 89.3 (2013) | Demo 1 (GAP) | School + health facility + outreach | 2011 |
| Demo 2 (GAP) | School | 2012–13 | |||
| Demo 3 (GAP) | School + health facility | 2014 | |||
| National (Govt.) | School + health facility | 2015- | |||
| India [36–40] | Lower-middle | 93.3 (2011) | Demo (PATH) | School + health facility campaign | 2009–10 |
| School and health facility monthly delivery | 2009–10 | ||||
| Kenya [20, 41, 42] | Low | 83.6 (2012) | Demo (GAP) | School | 2011 |
| Demo (Gavi) | School | 2013–15 | |||
| Kiribati | Lower-middle | NA | Demo (GAP/ ACCF) | School | 2011–13 |
| Laos PDR | Lower-middle | 97.3 (2013) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2013–15 |
| Lesotho [19, 20] | Lower-middle | 79.6 (2013) | Demo 1 (GAP) | School | 2009 |
| Demo 2 (GAP) | School | 2010–11 | |||
| National | School | 2012- | |||
| Madagascar | Low | 77.1 (2003) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility | 2013–15 |
| Malawi | Low | 96.9 (2009) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility | 2013–15 |
| Mali | Low | 64.4 (2013) | Demo 1 (GAP) | Health facility | 2012 |
| Demo 2 (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- | |||
| Moldova [20] | Lower-middle | 87.9 (2013) | Demo (GAP) | School | 2010–11 |
| Mongolia | Lower-middle | 94.7 (2013) | Demo (GAP) | School + health facility + outreach | 2012 |
| School | 2014 | ||||
| Mozambique | Low | 87.4 (2013) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2014–15 |
| Nepal [19, 20, 43] | Low | 98.5 (2013) | Demo 1 (ACCF) | School | 2008 |
| Demo 2 (GAP/ACCF) | School + health facility | 2010 | |||
| Demo 3 (ACCF) | School + health facility | 2011–14 | |||
| Demo 4 (Gavi) | School + health facility | 2015- | |||
| Niger | Low | 62.8 (2012) | Demo (Gavi) | School + outreach | 2014–15 |
| Papua New Guinea | Lower-middle | 85.6 (2012) | Demo (GAP) | School + health facility | 2012 |
| Peru [37–39, 44–49] | Upper-middle | 91.8 (2013) | Demo (PATH) | School + health facility + outreach | 2007–08 |
| 2009–10 | |||||
| National (Govt) | School | 2011–12 2014- | |||
| Philippines | Lower-middle | 88.2 (2009) | Demo (Jhpiego) | NA | 2010 |
| Rwanda [50–53] | Low | 93.4 (2013) | National (Merck) | School + health facility + outreach | 2011–13 |
| National (Gavi) | School + health facility | 2014- | |||
| Senegal | Lower-middle | 73.4 (2014) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- |
| Sierra Leone | Low | NA | Demo (Gavi) | NA | 2013 |
| Solomon Islands | Lower-middle | 80.7 (2007) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- |
| South Africa [54–61] | Upper-middle | 89.6 (2005) | Demo 1 (UCT) | Health facility | 2010 |
| Demo 2 (KZN DoH) | School | 2011 | |||
| Demo 3 (UoS) | School | 2013 | |||
| National (Govt.) | School | 2014- | |||
| Tanzania [20, 39, 62–68] | Low | 83.5 (2013) | Demo 1 (GAP) | School—age and grade criteria tested | 2010–11 |
| 2010–11 | |||||
| Demo 2 (Gavi) | Year 1: School & health facility. Year 2: Health facility + outreach | 2014- | |||
| 2016- | |||||
| Thailand [69, 70] | Upper-middle | 95.6 (2009) | Demo (Jhpiego) | NA | 2010 |
| Togo | Low | 97.5 (2013) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- |
| Uganda [20, 37–39, 48, 71–81] | Low | 91.5 (2013) | Demo 1 (PATH/ MOH) | School + health facility | 2008–09 2010–11 |
| School + health facility + outreach | 2008–09 2010–11 | ||||
| Demo 2 (GAP) | Health facility | 2010 | |||
| Demo 3 (Merck) | School + outreach | 2012–14 | |||
| Natl (Gavi) | Health facility + outreach | 2015- | |||
| Uzbekistan [20] | Lower-middle | 88.5 (2011) | Demo (GAP) | Health facility | 2009 |
| National (Gavi) | School + health facility | 2016- | |||
| Vanuatu | Lower-middle | 98.9 (2005) | Demo (ACCF) | School | 2009 |
| National (ACCF) | School + outreach | 2013- | |||
| Vietnam [37–39, 48, 72, 79, 82–84] | Lower-middle | 98.1 (2012) | Demo (PATH/ MOH) | School + health facility | 2008–10 |
| Health facility | 2008–10 | ||||
| Zambia | Lower-middle | 91.4 (2013) | Demo (GAP) | School + health facility | 2013–14 |
| Zimbabwe | Low | 93.9 (2012) | Demo (Gavi) | School + health facility + outreach | 2015- |
1 World bank classifications of income group, February 2014.
2 Information sourced from UNESCO Institute of Statistics, educational attainment most recently available data; year is indicated in brackets.
Italicised text indicates experiences with incomplete data due to start date; this data was obtained in the process of data collection when countries were questioned about future or current HPV vaccine activity; only experiences with at least one year of implementation were included in analyses.
Abbreviations: ACCF, Australian Cervical Cancer Foundation; CHW, community health worker; Demo, demonstration/pilot project; GAP, Gardasil® Access Program; est., estimated; HPV, human papillomavirus; KZN DoH, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health; MOH, ministry of health; national, national programme; NA, not available; UCT, University of Cape Town; UNESCO, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation; UoS, University of Stellenbosch; WB, World Bank.