(a) Determination of fur transcription by RNA Northern blot assay. Total RNA (30 μg) isolated from the wild-type (WT), hfq mutant, and hfq/C strains at an OD at 578 nm of 1.2 was applied to a membrane and hybridized with a fur-specific probe. Bacteria were grown at 30°C. Experiments were performed three times with independent RNA isolates. E, exponential. (b) Luciferase production (relative light units [RLU]) of the JR32, hfq mutant, csrA mutant, and rpoS mutant strains containing a fur-luciferase fusion. Bacteria were grown in BYE medium at 30°C, and samples were taken every 2 h for determination of OD at 578 nm and luciferase activity. Shown are luciferase activities at ODs of 0.5 (), 1.2 (▥), 1.5 (), and 1.8 (▨) and in the late postexponential phase (). Averages of two experiments with the standard deviations are presented. (c) Growth kinetics of the JR32 (♦), hfq (▪), and hfq/C (▴) strains at 30°C in BYE with excess iron (open symbols) and in chemically defined medium with no iron supplement (closed symbols).