Table 1.

Partial list of dietary compounds that have been shown to activate the Nrf2/ARE signaling system.

Compound	Dietary Sources a	References
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)	Green tea	[11]
Curcumin	Turmeric	[12]
Carnosol	Rosemary	[12]
Zerumbone	Ginger	[12]
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)	Honeybee propolis and many plants	[12]
Ethyl ferulate	Many plants, including eggplant	[12]
Sulphorane	Broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables	[12]
Resveratrol	Red wine, Itadori tea	[13]
Quercetin	Many foods, including capers	[14]
Cyanidin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside	Many types of fruits and berries	[10]
Catechin	Many foods, including cocoa and tea	[15]
Epicatechin	Many foods, including cocoa and tea	[16]
Kaempferol	Many foods, including green tea and berries	[16]
Naringenin-7-O-glucoside	Many foods, including tomatoes	[16]
Procyanidin B2	Many foods, including cocoa and grape juice	[16]
Genistein	Soybeans	[16]
Butein and phloretin	Fruits, vegetables, nuts, tea, coffee, red wine	[16]
Xanthohumol	Comon hop (Humulus lupulus)	[16]
Luteolin	Many foods, including celery and broccoli	[17]
Tangeretin	Tangerines and other citrus fruits	[17]
Ellagic acid	Pomegranates	[18]
Oleanolic acid	Many plants, including olive leaves	[19]
Ganodermanondiol	Lingzhi mushrooms	[20]
Echinatin	Licorice	[21]
Chlorogenic acid	Green coffee extract, coffee	[22]
N-methylpyridinium	Coffee	[22]
Ursolic acid	Apple peels and many other foods and spices	[23]
Hydroxytyrosol	Olive oil and olive leaves	[24]
Rosmarinic acid	Rosemary	[25]
Protocatechuic acid	Raspberries and many other foods	[26]
Phloroglucinol aldehyde	Metabolite of anthocyanins	[27]
p-coumaric acid	Many foods, including peanut and tomatoes	[28]
Ferulic acid	Many herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine	[29]
Isoorientin	Açaí, passion fruit, Sasa borealis	[16,30]
Ascorbic acid	Vitamin C, citrus fruits	[31]

^a Only some of the main dietary sources are listed.