| APTES | Aminopropyltriethoxysilane |
| ATP | 4-aminothiphenol |
| Arg | Arginine |
| Ar | Argon |
| CBZ | Carbamazepine |
| CILE | Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode |
| CNT | Carbon Nanotube |
| CEA | Carcinoembryonic Antigen |
| CTAB | Cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide |
| CR-GO | Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| CVD | Chemical Vapor Deposition |
| cfu | Colony Forming Unit |
| RDX | Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine |
| Cy3 | Cysteamine |
| DES | Diethylstilboestrol |
| DHB | Dihydroxybenzoic Acid |
| EIS | Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| fM | Femtomolar |
| FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization |
| FA | Functionalizing Agent |
| GCE | Glassy Carbon Electrode |
| GOD | Glucose Oxidase |
| AuNC | Gold Nanocrystal |
| AuNP | Gold Nanoparticle |
| AuNS | Gold Nanostructure |
| GA | Graphene Aerogel |
| GNs | Graphene Nanosheets |
| GO | Graphene Oxide |
| Hb | Hemoglobin |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen Peroxide |
| ITO | Indium Titanium Oxide |
| kW | Kilowatt |
| LBL | Layer by layer |
| LOD | Limit of Detection |
| MHz | Megahertz |
| MBA | Mercaptophenyl Boronic Acid |
| MPTMS | 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane |
| MRSA | Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| μM | Micromolar |
| mM | Milimolar |
| MDR | Multidrug Resistant |
| NDs | Nanodots |
| nM | Nanomolar |
| nGO | Nano graphene oxide |
| NR | Nano Rod |
| NADH | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide |
| N2 | Nitrogen |
| ODT | Octadecanethiol |
| ODA | Octadecylamine |
| O2 | Oxygen |
| ppm | Parts per million |
| PEG | Pegylated |
| pM | Picomolar |
| Pt | Platinum |
| PANI | Polyaniline |
| PAH | Poly allylamine hydrochloride |
| PLA | Poly (lactic acid) |
| PVP | Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) |
| KClsat | Potassium Chloride saturated |
| rGO | Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| RA | Reducing Agent |
| RP | Reducing Process |
| Ref. | Reference |
| SCE | Saturated Calomel Electrode |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| Si | Silica |
| SiO2 | Silica Oxide |
| Ag | Silver |
| AgCl | Silver Chloride |
| AgNS | Silver nanostructures |
| ss | Single Stranded |
| SDS | Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate |
| SA | Stabilizing Agent |
| SERS | Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy/Scattering |
| TR-GO | Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide |
| 3D | Three-dimensional |
| TB | Toluidine Blue |
| TEM | Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| 2D | Two dimensional |
| wt | Weight |
| WHO | World Health Organization |