| SPS | spark plasma sintering |
| HRSEM | high resolution scanning electron microscope |
| HRTEM | high resolution transmission electron microscope |
| HAADF | high angle annular dark field |
| STEM | scanning transmission electron microscope |
| XRD | X-ray powder diffraction |
| MgO s.s. | Mg(Al,Li)O solid solution |
| BF-TEM | bright field transmission electron microscope |
| DF-TEM | dark field transmission electron microscope |