Table 4.
C biogenic balance related to 1 kg of bio-based BDO production.
| C Biogenic | KgCkg−1 BDO |
|---|---|
| Input 1 | – |
| C in WS feedstock | 2 |
| Output 1 | – |
| C in bio-based BDO | 0.5 |
| C in downstream emissions from industrial processing of WS feedstock 2: | – |
| Co-fermentation | – |
| C–CO2 | 0.3 |
| US combustion in CHP | – |
| C–CH4 1 | 6 × 10−6 |
| C–CO 1 | 6 × 10−5 |
| C-non methan organic compounds 2 | 8 × 10−5 |
| C–CO2 1 | 1.2 |
| Total output C | 2 |
1 General note to the table. The C balance was computed on the basis of the assumed averaged WS feedstock composition [44,45,46] and the C content [56], according to the biomass flows along the designed industrial processing in compliance with: (i) sugars recovery efficiency (74%) after dilute sulphuric acid pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis from Volynets and Dahman [53]; (ii) co-fermentation and purification yield (experimental primary data within the framework of the “EnerBiochem” Project). The downstream C emissions during combustion of US in CHP plant were shared among the different C-compounds according to the EcoInventrecord “wood chips, burned in cogen 6400 kWth, emission control”, properly adapted on the basis of dry matter, carbon and energy content of the analyzed US, following EcoInvent guidelines (EcoInvent Report n. 17). WS: wheat straw; US: unconverted solids; CHP: combined heat and power system.