| BFS | blast furnace slag |
| XPS | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
| EDS | energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| XRD | X-ray powder diffraction |
| AAM | alkali-activated material |
| HCAAMs | high-calcium alkali-activated materials |
| LCAAMs | low-calcium alkali-activated materials |
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