Fig. 4. Multifunctionality of ceramic nanofiber sponges.

(A and B) Normalized electrical resistance change of TiO₂ sponges repeatedly compressed by 50% strain at room temperature and by 30% strain at 400°C for 10 cycles. (C) TiO₂ sponge dyed by rhodamine B and faded after illumination for 15 min. The photocatalysis process was repeated for many cycles. (D) High-temperature insulation capacity of ZrO₂ sponge. The ZrO₂ sponge effectively protects the fresh petal from withering, whereas petals on other materials were already carbonized on the 400°C heating stage after 10 min. (E) Infrared image of ZrO₂ sponge on a 400°C heating stage for 1 hour.