Figure 12.

(A) Schematic representation of the four possible types of emulsions which could form as a result of homogenizing the poly(stearylmethacrylate)–poly(N-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone) (PSMA₁₄–PNMEP₄₉) nanoparticles prepared in n-dodecane with water; (B) (a) Digital photographs of Pickering emulsions prepared using PSMA₁₄–PNMEP₄₉ nanoparticles at various shear rates. Oil-in-water emulsions are formed in all cases, except when hand-shaking is used; this latter approach results in a water-in-oil emulsion instead; (b) Optical microscopy images recorded for the droplets prepared via hand-shaking, or via homogenization at 3500 rpm, 7000 rpm or 11,000 rpm (scale bar = 200 µm); (c) shear rate dependence for the mean droplet diameter (as determined by laser diffraction) for emulsions prepared using PSMA₁₄–PNMEP₄₉ spherical nanoparticles as the sole emulsifier. The error bars represent the standard deviation of each mean volume-average droplet diameter, rather than the experimental error. Adapted from [105]. Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry.