Table 3.

Analysis of variance of sources and causes of SPH by age group and field of study

Variables	Sum of squares		df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Analysis of variance of source and cause of self-perceived halitosis versus age group
Do you suffer from bad breath odor?	Between groups	1.792	2	0.896	3.414	0.034
	Within groups	102.126	389	0.263
	Total	103.918	391
What is/are the origin of malodor? • Stomach	Between groups	0.612	2	0.306	3.450	0.033
	Within groups	34.508	389	0.089
	Total	35.120	391
What is/are the local cause(s) of oral malodor? • ENT diseases	Between groups	1.150	2	0.575	3.390	0.035
	Within groups	65.983	389	0.170
	Total	67.133	391
Health professional qualified to treat oral malodor • ENT specialist	Between groups	0.535	2	0.268	5.642	0.004
	Within groups	18.445	389	0.047
	Total	18.980	391
Analysis of variance of self-perceived halitosis versus field of study
What is/are the origin of oral malodor? • Tongue	Between groups	5.905	2	2.953	13.905	0.000
	Within groups	82.602	389	0.212
	Total	88.508	391
What is/are the local cause(s) of oral malodor? • Dry mouth	Between groups	3.042	2	1.521	7.272	0.001
	Within groups	81.364	389	0.209
	Total	84.406	391
What is/are the systemic cause(s) of oral malodor? • Diabetes mellitus	Between groups	3.101	2	1.550	15.164	0.000
	Within groups	39.774	389	0.102
	Total	42.875	391
What action would you take if you noticed oral malodor from a colleague? • You tell her/him and advise her/him to go to the dentist	Between groups	0.471	2	0.235	4.946	0.008
	Within groups	18.509	389	0.048
	Total	18.980	391
What are the methods of detecting oral malodor? • Feeling of bad taste	Between groups	1.133	2	0.567	4.317	0.014
	Within groups	51.061	389	0.131
	Total	52.194	391

Abbreviations: df, degree of freedom; ENT, ear nose throat; Sig., significant; SPH, self-perceived halitosis.