Table 3.
Case–control study results for the joint effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with each of the four psychoactive (PA) medicine groups
| SSRI use | PA use | PA medicine group | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid | Antiepileptic drug | Antipsychotic | Benzodiazepine | ||||||||||
| Cases | Controls | Adjusted | Cases | Controls | Adjusted | Cases | Controls | Adjusted | Cases | Controls | Adjusted | ||
| N = 8828 | N = 35,310 | OR (95% CI) | N = 8828 | N = 35,310 | OR (95% CI) | N = 8828 | N = 35,310 | OR (95% CI) | N = 8828 | N = 35,310 | OR (95% CI) | ||
| New | New | 5 | 5 | 4.0 (1.1, 14) | 2 | 2 | 3.1 (0.4, 22)a | 4 | 6 | 2.5 (0.7, 9.1)a | 8 | 7 | 4.7 (1.7, 13) |
| (Initiate SSRI and PA) | (0.1%) | (0.01%) | (0.02%) | (0.01%) | (0.05%) | (0.02%) | (0.1%) | (0.02%) | |||||
| New | Cont. | 14 | 13 | 3.5 (1.6, 7.6) | 3 | 3 | 3.9 (0.8, 20)a | 5 | 12 | 1.5 (0.5, 4.2)a | 16 | 29 | 1.8 (0.9, 3.3) |
| (Add SSRI to PA) | (0.2%) | (0.04%) | (0.03%) | (0.01%) | (0.1%) | (0.03%) | (0.2%) | (0.1%) | |||||
| Cont. | New | 23 | 29 | 3.2 (1.8, 5.5) | 19 | 27 | 2.4 (1.3, 4.3) | 24 | 40 | 2.3 (1.4, 3.9) | 35 | 42 | 3.0 (1.9, 4.8) |
| (Add PA to SSRI) | (0.3%) | (0.1%) | (0.2%) | (0.1%) | (0.3%) | (0.1%) | (0.4%) | (0.1%) | |||||
| Cont. | Cont. | 238 | 407 | 2.2 (1.9, 2.6) | 74 | 199 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 119 | 340 | 1.4 (1.2, 1.8) | 283 | 592 | 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) |
| (Cont. SSRI and PA) | (2.7%) | (1.2%) | (0.8%) | (0.6%) | (1.3%) | (1.0%) | (3.2%) | (1.7%) | |||||
| New | No | 79 | 104 | 2.8 (2.1, 3.8) | 93 | 117 | 2.7 (2.1, 3.6) | 89 | 104 | 3.0 (2.3, 4.0) | 74 | 86 | 3.2 (2.3, 4.4) |
| (Initiate SSRI only) | (1.3%) | (0.9%) | (1.1%) | (0.3%) | (1.0%) | (0.3%) | (0.8%) | (0.2%) | |||||
| No | New | 112 | 176 | 2.5 (2.0, 3.2) | 81 | 188 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 83 | 223 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 108 | 311 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) |
| (Initiate PA only) | (0.9%) | (1.3%) | (0.9%) | (0.5%) | (0.9%) | (0.6%) | (1.2%) | (0.9%) | |||||
| Cont. | No | 971 | 2162 | 1.8 (1.7, 2.0) | 1139 | 2372 | 1.8 (1.7, 2.0) | 1089 | 2218 | 1.9 (1.8, 2.1) | 914 | 1964 | 1.9 (1.7, 2.0) |
| (Cont. SSRI only) | (9.2%) | (11%) | (13%) | (6.7%) | (12%) | (6.3%) | (10%) | (5.6%) | |||||
| No | Cont. | 812 | 2213 | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) | 327 | 986 | 1.1 (0.99, 1.3) | 484 | 1247 | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) | 1090 | 3108 | 1.3 (1.2, 1.4) |
| (Cont. PA only) | (9.2%) | (6.3%) | (3.7%) | (2.8%) | (5.5%) | (3.5%) | (12%) | (8.8%) | |||||
| No | No | 6574 | 30,201 | 1.00 (reference) | 7090 | 31,416 | 1.00 (reference) | 6931 | 31,120 | 1.00 (reference) | 6300 | 29,171 | 1.00 (reference) |
| (No SSRI or PA) | (74%) | (86%) | (80%) | (89%) | (79%) | (88%) | (71%) | (83%) | |||||
CI confidence interval, Cont. continuous, OR odds ratio, PAs psychoactives, SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
aPower <80% found a posteriori