Table 3.
Drug classes and drugs involved in drug-related problems
| Drug class (no.) | Frequency (%) | Drugs (no.), N = 165 |
|---|---|---|
| Analgesic drugs and NSAIDs | 19 (11.5) | |
| NSAID and combinations (10) | Celecoxib (1), diclofenac (1), diclofenac + misoprostol (1), diflunisal (1), ibuprofen (6) | |
| Opioid analgesic (7) | Fentanyl (1), morphine (4), oxycodone (1), tramadol (1) | |
| Paracetamol + codeine (2) | Paracetamol (1), paracetamol + codeine (1) | |
| Antibacterials for systemic use | 9 (5.5) | Cefotaxime (2), ciprofloxacin (3), doxycycline (1), erythromycin (1), flucloxacillin (1), phenoxymethylpencillin (1) |
| Antiepileptic drugs | 2 (1.2) | Gabapentin (1), pregabalin (1) |
| Antithrombotic agents | 16 (9.7) | ASA (2), clopidogrel (1), dalteparin (1), rivaroxaban (2), ticagrelor (4), warfarin (6) |
| Cardiovascular drugs | 27 (16.4) | |
| Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (7) | Candesartan (1), candesartan + hydrochlorthiazide (1), enalapril (3), eplerenone (1), losartan (1) | |
| β-blocking agents (4) | Atenolol (1), carvedilol (1), metoprolol (2) | |
| Calcium channel blockers (3) | Amlodipine (1), felodipine (1), lerkanidipine (1) | |
| Diuretics (4) | Bendroflumethiazide (1), furosemide (1), spironolactone (2) | |
| Other cardiovascular drugs (9) | Digoxin (3), ezetimibe (1), flecainide (1), isosorbide mononitrate (1), simvastatin (3) | |
| Drugs for obstructive airway diseases | 14 (8.5) | Budesonide (1), budesonide + formoterol (2), fluticasone + salmeterol (1), formoterol (2), indacaterol (1), ipratropium (2), salmeterol (1), terbutaline (1), tiotropium bromide (3) |
| Drugs used in diabetes | 5 (3.0) | Glibenclamide (1), metformin (2), repaglinide (1), saxagliptin (1) |
| Psychotropic drugs | 20 (12.1) | |
| Antidepressant drugs (4) | Citalopram (4) | |
| Antipsychotics (1) | Flupentixol (1) | |
| Anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives (15) | Diazepam (2), flunitrazepam (1), hydroxyzine (5), propiomazine (4), zolpidem (3) | |
| Vitamins and minerals | 19 (11.5) | |
| Vitamins (8) | Alfacalcidol (1), B-vitamins (1), folic acid (4), pyridoxine (1), vitamin B12 (1) | |
| Minerals and calcium combinations (11) | Calcium (1), calcium + vitamin D (5), iron (3), magnesium (1), potassium (1) | |
| Other | 34 (20.6) | Acetazolamide (1), acetylcysteine (1), bortezomib (1), bromhexine + ephedrine (1), dabrafenib (2), deltisone (1), dihydroergotamine (1), esomeprazole (2), glucose-Na–K (1), herbal remedy for the prostate (1), herbal remedy with vitamins, omega 3, algae and more (‘Vitae Pro’) (1), leflunomide (1), levothyroxine (4), mesalazine (1), metoclopramide (1), methotrexate (4), omega 3 (1), omeprazole (3), prednisolone (3), quinine (1), sterculia (2) |
Drugs only mentioned as a drug class (proton inhibitors and laxatives) in the medication reviews were excluded. Plus symbols were used to indicate combination medications. Furthermore, unspecified drugs (e.g. mentioned as ‘several drugs’) were excluded. No drug was included when an abnormal laboratory value was detected and the value could not be derived from any of the medications the patient was currently taking
ASA acetylsalicylic acid, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs