Table 2.

Univariate Analyses for Neonatal Cohort

Characteristic	Outcome
	Death		FSSa (among survivors)
	Relative risk b (95% CI)	P-value	Effect c (95% CI)	P-value
Indication for ECMOd		0.03		0.29
Respiratory	Reference		Reference
Cardiac	1.49 (1.11, 1.99)		−0.54 (−1.46, 0.39)
ECPRe	1.42 (0.90, 2.25)		−1.04 (−2.60, 0.52)
Primary diagnosis category		0.20		0.15
Respiratory	Reference		Reference
Cardiovascular/Shock	1.29 (0.98, 1.71)		−0.73 (−1.57, 0.11)
Other	1.34 (0.33, 5.43)		−2.86 (−7.97, 2.25)
Chronic diagnosis	1.55 (1.14, 2.10)	<.01	1.09 (0.27, 1.90)	<.01
Congenital anomaly or chromosomal defect	1.30 (0.96, 1.76)	0.11	1.53 (0.47, 2.59)	<.01
Cardiovascular disease	1.27 (0.96, 1.67)	0.10	0.58 (−0.29, 1.44)	0.19
Other	0.94 (0.44, 2.04)	0.88	1.51 (−0.62, 3.63)	0.17
Mode of ECMO		<.01		0.11
VAf	Reference		Reference
VVg	0.42 (0.21, 0.84)		−0.85 (−1.90, 0.20)
Neurologic event	1.57 (1.19, 2.07)	<.01	0.98 (0.10, 1.86)	0.03
Renal organ failure	1.52 (1.16, 2.00)	<.01	1.29 (0.40, 2.18)	<.01
Hepatic organ dysfunction	1.61 (1.23, 2.11)	<.01	−0.14 (−1.10, 0.82)	0.78
Thrombotic event	1.17 (0.88, 1.55)	0.28	0.75 (−0.11, 1.61)	0.09
Bleeding event	1.65 (1.15, 2.35)	<.01	0.60 (−0.24, 1.44)	0.16
Baseline VISh		0.35		0.52
None	Reference		Reference
Low	0.76 (0.52, 1.10)		0.41 (−0.73, 1.55)
High	0.86 (0.62, 1.19)		0.64 (−0.46, 1.74)
Prematurei	1.87 (1.44, 2.42)	<.01	−0.62 (−1.97, 0.74)	0.37
Duration of ECMO (days)		0.02		<.01
< 2	1.64 (1.10, 2.44)		−1.23 (−2.51, 0.06)
2– < 4	1.00 (0.62, 1.62)		0.95 (−0.10, 2.00)
4– < 9	Reference		Reference
≥9	1.54 (1.07, 2.21)		0.82 (−0.19, 1.84)
ICU LOS (weeks)j	0.87 (0.80, 0.95)	<.01	0.11 (0.05, 0.18)	<.01
Hospital LOS (weeks)	0.86 (0.79, 0.93)	<.01	0.11 (0.05, 0.16)	<.01
Body habitus		0.34		0.98
Underweight	1.14 (0.80, 1.64)		0.10 (−1.02, 1.23)
Normal	Reference		Reference
Obese	0.64 (0.27, 1.52)		−0.03 (−1.62, 1.55)
Baseline lactate (mmol/L)	1.02 (0.99, 1.04)	0.19	0.04 (−0.06, 0.14)	0.47
Highest lactate in 24 hours post ECMO initiation (mmol/L)	1.06 (1.04, 1.08)	<.01	−0.00 (−0.11, 0.10)	0.95
Days from ECMO initiation to lactate ≤ 2 mmol/L	1.08 (0.99, 1.17)	0.07	0.03 (−0.23, 0.29)	0.82
Lactate ≥ 2 mmol/L achieved	0.51 (0.39, 0.65)	<.01	0.81 (−0.47, 2.10)	0.22
Lowest pH within 24 hours post ECMO initiation	0.54 (0.18, 1.63)	0.28	1.26 (−2.08, 4.61)	0.46
Estimated PRBC in first 24 hours post ECMO initiation (dL/kg)k	1.10 (1.05, 1.15)	0.01	0.08 (−0.33, 0.49)	0.71

^aFSS is Functional Status Score;

^bMortality was modeled using Poisson regression with robust error estimates;

^cFSS among survivors was modeled using standard linear regression;

^dECMO is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation;

^eECPR is extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation;

^fVA is venoarterial;

^gVV is venovenous;

^hVIS is Vasoactive inotropic score, None is VIS=0, Low is VIS >0 and <20, High is VIS ≥20;

ⁱPremature is <37 weeks gestational age at birth;

^jLOS is length of stay;

^kPRBC is packed red blood cells