Table I.
Visualization of phosphoinositides by protein-domain GFP chimeras in live cells.
| Lipid | Protein domain | Refs for in vitro | Live cell localization | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PtdIns(4,5)P2 | PLCδ1-PH | [91] | PM | [92, 93] |
| Tubby domain | [94] | PM, cleavage furrow | [94][95] | |
| PLCδ4-PH | [96] | PM | [96] | |
| PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 | GRP1-PH | [97, 98] | PM | [99, 100] |
| ARNO-PH | [99] | PM | [101] | |
| Cytohesin-1-PH | [99] | PM | [102, 103] | |
| Btk-PH | [97, 104] | PM | [105] | |
| PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 /PtdIns(3,4)P2 | Akt-PH | [106] | PM | [107–109] |
| PDK1 | [110] | PM | [110] | |
| CRAC | [111] | Dictyostelium PM | [112] | |
| PtdIns(3,4)P2 | TAPP1-PH | [113] | PM | [114] |
| PtdIns(3,5)P2 | Ent3p-ENTH* | [115] | yeast pre-vacuole | [115] |
| Svp1p | [116] | yeast vacuole | [116] | |
| Tup1* | [117] | yeast vacuolar-endosomal compartment, nucleus | [117] | |
| Cti6* | [117] | yeast nucleus | [117] | |
| ML1N-2x** | [118] | late endosomes,lysosomes yeast plasma membrane | [118] | |
| PtdIns3P | FYVE (Hrs, EEA1) (Vps27) | [50, 119] | early endosome | [51] |
| yeast vacuole | [50] | |||
| P40phox-PX | [53, 54] | early endosome | [54] | |
| PtdIns4P | OSH2-PH*** | [120] | PM | [30, 120] |
| OSBP-PH | [29, 113] | Golgi, PM | [28, 29, 121] | |
| FAPP1-PH | [113] | Golgi, PM | [28, 121, 122] | |
| SidM (P4M) | [62, 67] | PM, Golgi, endosomes | [67] | |
| SidC | [62, 64] | PM, Golgi, endosomes | [64] | |
| PtdIns5P | 3xPHD (ING2) | [123] | nucleus ?, PM | [123, 124] |
*
It is controversial whether these domains can be used for imaging purposes and their binding to PtdIns(3,5)P2 has also been questioned [125].
**
The ML1N2x domain has been found a questionable probe for PI(3,5)P2 upon thorough interrogation [126]
***
The OSH2-PH shows little discrimination between PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 based on in vitro binding [120] and it is still not certain whether it actually reports on both of these molecules in some proportions.