Fig. 4.

The sub-structure within 49 COI-COII P₀QQ, P₁QQ, and P₁QQQ A. mellifera derived haplotypes shows the position of private insular haplotypes in regards to genetically similar continental populations. The haplotype network is a minimal spanning tree based on 36 different haplotypes retrieved from sequencing 85 COI-COII of mtDNA from honey bees of the South West Indian Ocean islands, Africa, Europe and 13 African reference sequences from the GenBank. Maps near the sub-network indicate country/island from which sequences were obtained here using https://mapchart.net/ online tool. Seychelles¹: Mahé, Praslin and La Digue. Comoros²: Grande Comore, Mohéli, Anjouan, and Mayotte. Africa³: Egypt, Senegal, Chad, Central African Republic, São Tomé, Gabon, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa. Europe⁴: Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Greece