Table 2. Seroprevalences of R. conorii and R. felis among animal farm workers, indigenous people and blood donors in different localities; information on the tick species and detection rates of rickettsiae in each locality are also included.
| Localities | Number (%, 95% CI) of people seropositive to R. conorii | Number (%, 95% CI) of people seropositive to R. felis | Animal host examined (n) | Ticks species (n) | Number (%, 95% CI) of ticks with rickettsia detection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farms | |||||
| Negeri Sembilan (Farm 1) | 3 (17.7, 0.0%–37.9%) | 6 (35.3, 10.0%–60.6%) | Cattle (30) | H. bispinosa (41) and Rh. microplus (6) | 13 (27.7, 14.4%–40.9%) |
| Pahang (Farm 2) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) | Cattle (39) | Rh. microplus (14) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) |
| Pahang (Farm 3) | 5 (45.5, 10.4%–80.5%) | 2 (18.2, 0.0%–45.4%) | Cattle (40) | H. bispinosa (57) and Rh. microplus (37) | 2 (2.1, 0.0%–5.1%) |
| Kedah (Farm 4) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%) | 2 (28.6, 0.0%–73.7%) | Sheep (40) | H. bispinosa (44) | 7 (15.9, 4.7%–27.2%) |
| Kelantan (Farm 5) | 2 (14.3, 0.0%–35.3%) | 1 (7.1, 0.0%–22.6%) | Cattle (40) | Not determined | — |
| Terengganu (Farm 6) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) | 2 (28.6, 0.0%–73.7%) | Cattle (40) | H. bispinosa (58) and Rh. microplus (13) | 3 (4.2, 0.0%–9.0%) |
| Negeri Sembilan (Farm 7) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) | Goat (40) | 0 | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) |
| Johore (Farm 8) | 2 (11.8, 0.0%–28.8%) | 1 (5.9, 0.0%–18.4%) | Dairy cattle (41) | 0 | 0 (0.0, 0.0%–0.0%) |
| Total | 12 (13.8, 6.4%–21.2%) | 14 (16.1, 8.2%–24.0%) | 270 individual ticks | 25 (9.3, 5.8%–12.7%) | |
| Rural area | |||||
| Negeri Sembilan | — | — | Cat (12), chicken (1), dog (40), goat (8) | Rh. sanguineus, Haemaphysalis spp. (3 individuals and 4 pools) | 4 (57.1, 7.7%–100.0%) |
| Pahang | 5 (15.2, 2.2%–28.1%) | 5 (15.2, 2.2%–28.1%) | Cat (18), chicken (5), dog (21), | Haemaphysalis spp. (7 pools) | 1 (14.3, 0.0%–49.2%) |
| Kedah | — | — | Cat (17), chicken (1), cattle (3), dog (16) | Rh. microplus (3 individuals) | 2 (66.7, 0.0%–100.0%) |
| Kelantan | 39 (79.6, 67.9%–91.3%) | 13 (26.5, 13.7%–39.3%) | Cat (27), chicken (9), dog (4) | Haemaphysalis spp. (10 individuals and one pool) | 7 (63.6, 29.7%–97.5%) |
| Johore | 7 (35.0, 12.1%–57.9%) | 5 (25.0, 4.2%–45.8%) | Cat (23), chicken (2), dog (15) | Haemaphysalis spp. (one individual and 8 pools) | 5 (55.6, 15.0%–96.1%) |
| Perak | — | — | Cat (8), chicken (2), dog (10) | Haemaphysalis spp. (16 individuals and 11 pools) | 7 (25.9, 8.3%–43.6%) |
| Total | 51 (50.0, 40.1%–59.9%) | 23 (22.5, 14.3%–30.8%) | 33 individuals and 31 pools | 26 (40.6, 28.3%–53.0%) | |
| Urban area | |||||
| Animal shelters | — | — | Dog (13) | Rh. sanguineus (33 individuals) | 13 (39.4, 21.8%–57.0%) |
| Blood donors | 2 (3.3, 0.0%–7.9%) | 0 (0.0, 0.0%) | — | — | — |
Abbreviation: confidence interval, CI.