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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Virol. 2016 Aug 25;3(1):237–261. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Crystal structures of betacoronavirus S1 C-terminal domains (S1-CTDs). (a) Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S1-CTD complexed with human ACE2 (PDB ID: 2AJF) (52). Shown are the core structure of S1-CTD (cyan), the receptor-binding motif (red), and ACE2 (green). (b) Interface between human SARS-CoV S1-CTD and human ACE2, showing two virus-binding hot spots on human ACE2. Dashed lines indicate salt bridges. (c) Interface between palm civet SARS-CoV S1-CTD and human ACE2. Critical residue changes from human to civet SARS-CoV strains are labeled. (d) Interface between human SARS-CoV S1-CTD and rat or mouse ACE2. Critical residue changes from human to rat or mouse ACE2 are labeled. (e) Structure of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) S1-CTD complexed with human DPP4 (PDB ID: 4KR0) (69).