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. 2017 May 24;8:15536. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15536

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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Spectrum of a beam consisting of electrons defined by: (a) OAM of +1, ψ₊₁, produced with a spiral phase plate; (b) a superposition of ±4 OAM states, , generated by a phase mask; (c) a superposition of ±5 OAM states, , generated by a phase mask; and (d) OAM of +10, ψ₊₁₀, produced by a spiral phase plate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the devices used to generate the analysed electron beams are provided in the insets of their respective spectra.

Inline graphic — Spectrum of a beam consisting of electrons defined by: (a) OAM of +1, ψ₊₁, produced with a spiral phase plate; (b) a superposition of ±4 OAM states, , generated by a phase mask; (c) a superposition of ±5 OAM states, , generated by a phase mask; and (d) OAM of +10, ψ₊₁₀, produced by a spiral phase plate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the devices used to generate the analysed electron beams are provided in the insets of their respective spectra.