Gasem 2002.

Study characteristics
Patient sampling	Prospective multicentre study Healthcare setting: secondary (3) and tertiary (1) Point of recruitment: inpatient
Patient characteristics and setting	Countries: Indonesia Level of typhoid endemicity (Crump 2004): high Age: not stated Gender distribution: not stated Entry criteria: clinical suspicion of typhoid (127) and 80 febrile 'non‐typhoids' Sample size: 207
Index tests	Dipstick assay from the Royal Tropical Institute, Netherlands (KIT)
Target condition and reference standard(s)	Target condition: Salmonella Typhi Reference standards: peripheral blood culture or bone marrow culture, or both
Flow and timing	Prospective multi‐centre study. Timing unclear.
Comparative
Notes	Not all patients had both bone marrow culture and blood culture. Study authors classified Isolation of Salmonella Paratyphi as a non‐typhoid case.
Methodological quality
Item	Authors' judgement	Risk of bias	Applicability concerns
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled?	Unclear
Was a case‐control design avoided?	No
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?	Yes
		High	Low
DOMAIN 2: Index Test All tests
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?	Yes
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified?	Yes
		Low	Low
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition?	Yes
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests?	Yes
		Low	Low
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard?	Unclear
Did all patients receive the same reference standard?	Yes
Were all patients included in the analysis?	No
		Low