Ismail 2002.

Study characteristics
Patient sampling	Prospective multicentre study Healthcare setting: tertiary (5 infectious diseases hospitals) Point of recruitment: inpatients
Patient characteristics and setting	Countries: Egypt Level of typhoid endemicity (Crump 2004): medium Age: not specified Gender distribution: not specified Entry criteria: febrile in‐patients meeting pre‐determined case definitions Sample size: 85
Index tests	Dipstick assay, Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), Netherlands
Target condition and reference standard(s)	Target condition: Salmonella Typhi Reference standard: peripheral blood culture
Flow and timing	Prospective multicentre study. Samples tested retrospectively 2 to 3 months after recruitment.
Comparative
Notes	Part of a brucellosis diagnostic study. Samples tested retrospectively 2 to 3 months later.
Methodological quality
Item	Authors' judgement	Risk of bias	Applicability concerns
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled?	No
Was a case‐control design avoided?	No
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?	Unclear
		High	Unclear
DOMAIN 2: Index Test All tests
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?	Yes
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified?	Yes
		Unclear	Low
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition?	No
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests?	Yes
		Low	Low
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard?	Unclear
Did all patients receive the same reference standard?	Yes
Were all patients included in the analysis?	Yes
		Low