Table 1.
Sample Characteristics of the PINE Study by Two Types of Family Conflict (N = 3,157)
| Total | No Family Conflict | Any Family Conflict | No Marital Conflict | Any Marital Conflict | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 3,157) | (n = 2,704) | (n = 438) | (n = 1,500) | (n = 755) | |
| Characteristics | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Age (60–105) | 72.81 (8.30) | 72.86 (8.33) | 72.30 (8.01) | 70.85 (7.54) | 71.26 (7.30) |
| 60–69 | 41.94% | ||||
| 70–79 | 36.71% | ||||
| 80 and older | 21.35% | ||||
| Womenb | 57.97% | 58.25% | 56.85% | 50.73% | 40.13% |
| Married | 71.32% | 70.96% | 71.92% | — | — |
| Years of educationa,b | 8.72 (5.05) | 8.62 (5.06) | 9.31 (4.90) | 8.81 (4.64) | 10.70 (4.93) |
| Personal annual income | |||||
| $0–$4,999 | 33.32% | 33.05% | 34.87% | 37.76% | 38.80% |
| $5,000–$9,999 | 51.78% | 52.41% | 47.58% | 47.02% | 43.20% |
| $10,000 or above | 14.90% | 14.55% | 17.55% | 15.22% | 18.00% |
| Good/very good self-rated healtha,b | 39.15% | 39.85% | 34.70% | 41.67% | 36.95% |
| Years in the United States (0.1–90) | 20.02 (13.18) | 20.06 (13.36) | 19.82 (13.14) | 18.26 (12.67) | 18.64 (12.97) |
| 0–5 | 12.35% | ||||
| 6–10 | 14.51% | ||||
| 11–20 | 30.68% | ||||
| 21 or above | 42.46% | ||||
| Level of acculturation (12–60)b | 15.25 (5.12) | 15.17 (4.99) | 15.75 (5.77) | 14.99 (4.89) | 15.72 (4.64) |
| Number of childrena,b | 2.87(1.51) | 2.90 (1.51) | 2.73 (1.48) | 2.83 (1.37) | 2.58 (1.46) |
| Living with childrena | 35.02% | 33.99% | 42.24% | 36.59% | 35.49% |
| Living with spouse | 81.86% | 82.35% | 79.28% | 94.24% | 96.58% |
| Children’s filial piety (6–30)a,b | 22.18 (4.96) | 22.45 (4.81) | 20.56 (5.45) | 22.57 (4.74) | 21.21 (4.96) |
| Number of friendsb | |||||
| 0 | 14.34% | 13.85% | 17.20% | 12.78% | 15.25% |
| 1–9 | 50.80% | 50.89% | 50.23% | 49.76% | 51.69% |
| 10–20 | 15.27% | 15.70% | 12.84% | 15.91% | 16.19% |
| More than 20 | 19.59% | 19.56% | 19.72% | 21.55% | 16.87% |
| Sense of mastery (7–49)a,b | 34.56 (7.66) | 35.03 (7.56) | 31.78 (7.57) | 35.36 (7.36) | 34.20 (7.73) |
| Family conflict | 13.94% | ||||
| Marital conflictc | 33.48% | ||||
Notes: PINE = Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago.
aSignificant differences between those who had family conflict and those who didn’t.
bSignificant difference between those who had marital conflict and those who didn’t.
cMarital conflict was assessed among married respondents only.