Table 3.
Results of Multilevel Models Predicting Mean Daily PTSD Symptoms
| Total PTSD | Re-experiencing | Avoidance | Numbing | Arousal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | ϒ | se (ϒ) | ϒ | se (ϒ) | ϒ | se (ϒ) | ϒ | se (ϒ) | ϒ | se (ϒ) |
| 1. | .64*** | .08 | .64*** | .08 | .53*** | .09 | .57*** | .06 | .50*** | .08 |
| 2. | ||||||||||
| PTSD | .65*** | .10 | .71*** | .10 | .57*** | .10 | .57*** | .08 | .45*** | .10 |
| Gender | 6.96* | 3.01 | 8.02* | 3.77 | 10.51* | 4.31 | 6.64 | 3.80 | 4.57 | 2.98 |
| PTSD × Gender | −.04 | .15 | −.17 | .15 | −.16 | .17 | −.02 | .13 | .12 | .15 |
| 3. | ||||||||||
| PTSD | .65*** | .07 | .66*** | .08 | .54*** | .08 | .57*** | .06 | .51*** | .07 |
| Age | .31* | .13 | .26 | .17 | .44* | .19 | .22 | .16 | .34** | .12 |
| PTSD × Age | .01 | .01 | −.00 | .01 | .00 | .01 | .01^ | .01 | .01 | .01 |
| 4. | ||||||||||
| PTSD | .58*** | .08 | .60*** | .08 | .47*** | .08 | .49*** | .07 | .44*** | .09 |
| W/I ETOH | 1.10*** | .22 | 1.13*** | .23 | 1.11*** | .26 | 1.26*** | .29 | .92*** | .21 |
| Btw ETOH | .92 | .64 | .90 | .66 | 1.54** | .58 | 1.81* | .77 | .85 | .60 |
| PTSD × W/I ETOH | −.01 | .01 | −.03** | .01 | −.02* | .01 | −.02^ | .01 | −.00 | .01 |
| PTSD × Btw ETOH | −.01 | .02 | −.00 | .81 | −.03 | .03 | −.02 | .02 | −.01 | .02 |
Note.
***
p <.001;
**
p <.01;
*
p < .05;
^
p = .08.
PTSD: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. ETOH: daily alcohol consumption. Model 1: retrospective PTSD as sole predictor of daily PTSD. Model 2: Interaction of PTSD and Sex. Model 3: Interaction of PTSD and Age. Model 4: Interaction of PTSD, within-person, and between-person alcohol. Raw scores were first converted to percentage of maximum possible metric, Level 2 predictors were grand mean centered, and Level 1 predictors were person mean centered.