Table 1. Characteristics of patients selected for the study.
| Case | Gender | Age, years | Years since first unprovoked seizure | AEDs at surgery | MRI findings | Pathology | Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 39 | 16 | ltg | Unremarkable | Unremarkable | Non-MTLE |
| 2 | F | 22 | 10 | tpm | Unremarkable | Unremarkable | Non-MTLE |
| 3 | F | 46 | 28 | cbz | Unremarkable | Unremarkable | Non-MTLE |
| 4 | M | 40 | 4 | lev, vpa | Unremarkable | Unremarkable | Non-MTLE |
| 5 | M | 44 | 18 | cbz, clo | R hippocampal sclerosis | Unremarkable | Non-MTLE |
| 6 | F | 49 | 42 | lev | Chiari I malformation; otherwise unremarkable | Unremarkable | Non-MTLE |
| 7 | F | 38 | 30 | cbz, tpm | Unremarkable | Unremarkable | Non-MTLE |
| 8 | M | 35 | 17 | ltg, cbz | Cavernous hemangioma, R amygdala, adjacent to hippocampal head; normal hippocampus | Cavernous hemangioma | Non-MTLE |
| 9 | M | 27 | 1 | cbz | L mesial temporal lobe mass lesion encroaching subbasal ganglia, replacing and involving amygdala and anterior hippocampus | Oligodendroglioma | Non-MTLE |
| 10 | F | 10 | 5 | ltg | R temporal lobe tumor involving basal ganglia and amygdala; bilateral hippocampal atrophy. | Low-grade astrocytoma | Non-MTLE |
| 11 | F | 8 | 4 | cbz | L temporal lobe tumor | Oligodendroglioma | Non-MTLE |
| 12 | M | 47 | 22 | cbz | R hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 13 | F | 36 | 14 | cbz | L hippocampal sclerosis | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 14 | F | 45 | 27 | cbz, pri, gpn | R hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 15 | M | 40 | 39 | cbz, pht | Unremarkable | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 16 | M | 27 | 26 | gpn, flb | R hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 17 | M | 24 | 16 | tpm, pb | R hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 18 | F | 28 | 19 | cbz | L hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 19 | F | 15 | 10 | cbz, ltg | L hippocampal sclerosis with increased signal on FLAIR | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 20 | F | 50 | 40 | cbz | L hippocampal sclerosis with increased signal on FLAIR; bilateral small vessel ischemic changes | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 21 | F | 36 | 26 | ltg, pri | R hippocampal sclerosis with increased signal on FLAIR | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 22 | F | 39 | 12 | gpn, ltg | R hippocampal sclerosis | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 23 | M | 46 | 10 | ltg, lev | R hippocampal sclerosis | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
| 24 | F | 51 | 33 | cbz | L hippocampal sclerosis | Hippocampal sclerosis | MTLE |
For non-MTLE, n = 11, and for MTLE, n = 13. M, male; F, female; AEDs, antiepileptic drugs; cbz, carbamazepine; clo, clonazepam; flb, felbamate; pht, phenytoin; lev, levetiracetam; li, lithium; ltg, lamotrigine; gpn, gabapentin; pb, phenobarbial; pri, primidone; tpm, topiramate; vpa, valproate; L, left; R, right; FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging.