Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study populations
| Variable | Metabolomics population | Integrative omics population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls n=62 | Preeclampsia cases n=47 | P-value | Controls n=57 | Preeclampsia cases n=44 | P-value | ||
| Study Site | California | 17 (27.4%) | 15 (31.9%) | 16 (28.1%) | 14 (31.8%) | ||
| Massachusetts | 13 (21.0%) | 11 (23.4%) | 11 (19.3%) | 10 (22.7%) | |||
| Missouri | 32 (51.6%) | 21 (44.7%) | 0.771 | 30 (52.6%) | 20 (45.5%) | 0.773 | |
| Age at enrollment | years (SD) | 26.3 (4.9) | 26.0 (4.8) | 0.81 | 26.4 (4.8) | 26.0 (4.8) | 0.621 |
| Study arm | Vitamin D supplementation | 34 (54.8%) | 24 (51.1%) | 32 (56.1%) | 23 (52.3%) | ||
| Placebo | 28 (45.2%) | 23 (48.9%) | 0.844 | 25 (43.9%) | 21 (47.7%) | 0.853 | |
| Baseline serum vitamin D status | Deficient (<30ng/ml ) | 47 (75.8%) | 41 (87.2%) | 44 (77.2%) | 38 (86.4%) | ||
| Sufficient (≥30ng/ml) | 15 (24.2%) | 6 (12.8%) | 0.21 | 13 (22.8%) | 6 (13.6%) | 0.361 | |
| Race | American Indian/Alaskan | 0 (0%) | 3 (6.4%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (6.8%) | ||
| Asian | 2 (3.2%) | 2 (4.3%) | 2 (3.5%) | 2 (4.5%) | |||
| Black/African American | 34 (54.8%) | 22 (46.8%) | 31 (54.4%) | 20 (45.5%) | |||
| White | 22 (35.5%) | 17 (36.2%) | 20 (35.2%) | 16 (36.4%) | |||
| Other | 4 (6.5%) | 3 (6.4%) | 0.358 | 4 (7.0%) | 3 (6.8%) | 0.360 | |
| Gestational age at enrolment | weeks (SD) | 14.2 (2.7) | 13.9 (2.7) | 0.579 | 14.1 (2.7) | 13.8 (2.7) | 0.584 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | kg/m2 (SD) | 26.4 (7.6) | 30.7 (7.6) | 0.010* | 26.6 (7.8) | 30.4 (7.8) | 0.027* |
| History of asthma | No | 38 (61.3%) | 27 (57.4%) | 35 61.4%) | 25 (56.8%) | ||
| Yes | 24 (38.7%) | 20 (42.6%) | 0.835 | 22 (38.6%) | 19 (43.2%) | 0.794 | |
| N. Total pregnancies (n) | 1 | 26 (41.9%) | 22 (46.8%) | 22 (38.6%) | 20 (45.5%) | ||
| 2 | 16 (25.8%) | 11 (23.4%) | 16 (28.1%) | 10 (22.7%) | |||
| 3 | 11 (17.7%) | 9 (19.1%) | 10 (17.5%) | 9 (20.5%) | |||
| >4 | 9 (14.5%) | 5 (10.6%) | 0.908 | 9 (15.8%) | 5 (11.4%) | 0.797 | |
| Gestational diabetes | No | 60 (96.8%) | 43 (91.5%) | 55 (96.5%) | 41 (93.2%) | ||
| Yes | 2 (3.2%) | 3 (6.4%) | 2 (3.5%) | 2 (4.5%) | |||
| Unsure/NA | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.1%) | 0.372 | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.3%) | 0.499 | |
| Gender of childa | Female | 33 (53.2%) | 21 (45.7%) | 30 (52.6%) | 19 (44.2%) | ||
| Male | 29 (46.8%) | 25 (54.3%) | 0.559 | 27 (47.4%) | 24 (55.8%) | 0.526 | |
*
Significant at the 95% confidence interval
a
child’s gender unknown for one preeclamptic pregnancy
SD – Standard Deviation