Table 1.
Statistics of 15 phenotypic traits and significance tests of their mean values analysed in individuals from 174 wild populations of Brachypodium distachyon, B. stacei and B. hybridum. Underlined variables are those that significantly discriminate between the three species. N, number of wild individuals analysed. ANOVA (F; d.f. 2) or Kruskal–Wallis (χ2; d.f. 2) tests of variables used for comparisons between species. Superscripts denote Tukey pairwise comparisons between species; means with the same letter do not differ significantly (P<0.05). See text and Supplementary Data Table S2 for abbreviations of variables
| Species | LGCL (μm) | PGL (μm) | H (cm) | NNTC | SLL (cm) | SLW (mm) | IL (cm) | NSI | SLA (cm) | SLB (cm) | NFI | UGL (mm) | LL (mm) | AL (mm) | CL (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B. distachyon | |||||||||||||||
| N | 227 | 211 | 191 | 190 | 171 | 174 | 184 | 184 | 187 | 183 | 188 | 191 | 188 | 190 | 184 |
| Minimum | 17 | 21 | 5·5 | 1 | 1·1 | 0·5 | 0·92 | 1 | 0·92 | 0·5 | 4 | 2·2 | 5·2 | 6·3 | 3·8 |
| Maximum | 28 | 42 | 56 | 12 | 8·2 | 3·5 | 5 | 4 | 2·4 | 1·82 | 13 | 9·1 | 11 | 15·2 | 7·2 |
| Mean | 22·5a | 30·4a | 19·8a | 4·0a | 3·0a | 1·7a | 2·3a | 2·1a | 1·6a | 1·1a | 7·9a | 6·0a | 7·2a | 10·7a | 5·5a |
| Standard deviation | 2·2 | 3·8 | 11·9 | 2·4 | 1·5 | 0·5 | 0·8 | 0·8 | 0·3 | 0·2 | 2·1 | 1·5 | 0·9 | 1·9 | 0·7 |
| Variance | 5·0 | 14·4 | 141·8 | 5·9 | 2·2 | 0·3 | 0·6 | 0·7 | 0·1 | 0·1 | 4·4 | 2·3 | 0·8 | 3·7 | 0·4 |
| B. stacei | |||||||||||||||
| N | 146 | 154 | 86 | 90 | 75 | 82 | 88 | 91 | 90 | 91 | 88 | 90 | 91 | 88 | 123 |
| Minimum | 16 | 22 | 6·1 | 1 | 1·6 | 1·1 | 2·3 | 2 | 1·3 | 0·61 | 4 | 2·9 | 6·1 | 7·5 | 5·4 |
| Maximum | 36 | 52 | 76 | 9 | 15·1 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 3·3 | 2·82 | 14 | 8·63 | 12·6 | 18·2 | 8·4 |
| Mean | 25·2b | 33·9b | 43·6c | 4·4a | 7·4b | 2·7c | 5·3c | 3·3c | 2·2b | 1·6b | 8·5a | 5·8a | 9·4c | 12·4c | 6·9b |
| Standard deviation | 4·4 | 5·9 | 17·4 | 1·7 | 3·3 | 0·9 | 1·5 | 0·8 | 0·4 | 0·4 | 2·3 | 1·2 | 1·3 | 2·7 | 0·7 |
| Variance | 19·5 | 35·2 | 301·7 | 3·0 | 11·0 | 0·7 | 2·2 | 0·6 | 0·1 | 0·2 | 5·5 | 1·4 | 1·7 | 7·5 | 0·5 |
| B. hybridum | |||||||||||||||
| N | 497 | 518 | 330 | 340 | 320 | 327 | 347 | 350 | 343 | 340 | 343 | 352 | 349 | 349 | 413 |
| Minimum | 20 | 25 | 3·5 | 1 | 1 | 0·7 | 1·2 | 1 | 1 | 0·5 | 2·33 | 2·3 | 3 | 6 | 5 |
| Maximum | 37 | 57 | 78 | 11 | 15·2 | 4·3 | 8 | 6 | 4·1 | 2·96 | 16 | 9·8 | 12·9 | 18·9 | 8·9 |
| Mean | 29·3c | 38·7c | 35·9b | 5·7b | 7·5b | 2·4b | 3·5b | 2·7b | 2·1b | 1·5b | 8·1a | 5·9a | 8·9b | 11·6b | 6·7b |
| Standard deviation | 3·3 | 5·6 | 15·3 | 2·4 | 3·3 | 0·7 | 1·2 | 1·1 | 0·5 | 0·4 | 2·8 | 1·5 | 1·8 | 2·7 | 0·8 |
| Variance | 10·8 | 31·2 | 235·3 | 5·5 | 11·0 | 0·5 | 1·4 | 1·2 | 0·2 | 0·2 | 7·7 | 2·2 | 3·3 | 7·4 | 0·6 |
| χ2 | 411·6 | 322·1 | 164·5 | 82·1 | 213·2 | 127·2 | 255·9 | 86·3 | 194·6 | 132·2 | 22·9 | ||||
| F | 1·5 | 0·6 | 92·3 | 208·7 | |||||||||||
| P | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | >0·05 | >0·05 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 |