Fig. 4.

Knockdown of Nrf2a oxidizes the embryonic glutathione redox potential. Control or Nrf2a morpholinos were injected into the yolk sacs of wild-type eggs within 1 h of fertilization (before the 4-cell stage). Asterisks (*) indicate a statistically significant difference between control and nrf2a-MO injected embryos (p < 0.05). N = 3 pools of 10–15 embryos for all groups. A 96-hpf time point was not included because the nrf2a MO has declining efficacy at this time (unpublished data).