Fig. 7.

Nrf proteins and target proteins maintain glutathione and redox signaling. Nrf proteins (green) are redox ‘sensors’ in the endoplasmic reticulum (Nrf1) and cytosol (Nrf2). In the presence of excessive ROS, Nrf proteins can translocate to the nucleus where they serve as transcription factors for a myriad of genes involved in glutathione synthesis and redox signaling (shown in purple). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)