Table 4.

Mechanical properties of single fiber bundles in different layers taken from two-density luffa sponge and single fiber bundles of Arernga engleri and jute (n = 50).

		Density (kg/m3)		Young’s Modulus (MPa)		Specific Modulus (MPa·m3/Kg)		Tensile Strength a (MPa)		Elongation (%)
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Luffa sponge (LD)	outer layer	458.31	2.37	1208	145.9	2.64	1.54	73.46	34.25	4.98	3.94
	inter layer	431.85	1.68	958	236.5	2.22	1.23	53.82	17.42	5.16	3.95
	inner layer	468.70	0.60	1897	320.1	4.05	1.24	91.63	14.32	9.81	3.19
	middle layer	443.80	3.69	918	245.9	2.07	0.78	61.80	24.22	6.27	2.43
Luffa sponge (HD)	outer layer	391.50	0.93	635	82.09	1.62	0.56	24.03	3.12	2.54	0.39
	inter layer	385.46	1.22	555	193.1	1.44	0.43	24.31	8.8	3.2	1.62
	inner layer	411.73	1.91	1133	299.8	2.75	1.03	39.91	11.94	3.73	1.19
	middle layer	421.90	1.69	880	577.2	2.09	0.85	42.55	8.18	6.67	3.70
Arenga engleri		950.20	0.90	1735	187.5	1.83	0.58	102.34	13.18	15.76	3.58
Jute		1360.40	0.40	25119	530.9	18.46	3.21	378.59	113.14	0.83	0.25

^a Excluding the S_N area and recalculating tensile strength using the effective area S_F.