Table 1.

Stoichiometric formula, reported fabrication method and heat treatment for a range of doped calcium silicate ceramics (DCSCs), as well as α- and β-calcium silicate. Calcination temperature is reported if higher sintering temperature is not provided.

Ceramic	Stoichiometric Formula	Fabrication Method and Heat Treatment	Ref.
α-calcium silicate (α-CS) (pseudowollastonite)	CaO–SiO2	Chemical precipitation, sintered at 1250 °C for 3 h	[27]
β-calcium silicate (β-CS)	CaO–SiO2	Chemical precipitation, sintered at 1100 °C for 3 h Chemical precipitation, sintered at 1090 °C for 2 h	[27] [30]
Sr-α-CaSiO3 (Sr-α-CS)	xSrO–(1 − x)CaO–SiO2; x = 0.01~0.10	Chemical precipitation, sintered at 1250 °C for 3 h	[31]
Sr-β-CaSiO3 (Sr-β-CS)	xSrO–(1 − x)CaO–SiO2; x = 0.10	Chemical precipitation, sintered at 1090 °C for 2 h	[30]
Cu-β-CaSiO3 (Cu-CS)	xCuO–(1 − x)CaO–SiO2; x = 0.025	Chemical precipitation, calcined at 900 °C for 2 h	[32]
Akermanite (AK)	2CaO–MgO–2SiO2	Sol-gel, sintered at 1370 °C for 6 h	[37]
Co-Akermanite (Co-AK)	2CaO–CoO–2SiO2	Sol-gel, sintered at 1200 °C for 3 h	[42]
Diopside (DS)	CaO–MgO–2SiO2	Co-precipitation, sintered at 1300 °C for 2 h	[36]
Bredigite (BD)	7CaO–4SiO2–MgO	Sol-gel, sintered at 1350 °C for 8 h	[38]
Hardystonite (HT)	2CaO–ZnO–2SiO2	Sol-gel, sintered at 1350 °C for 5 h Sol-gel, sintered at 1250 °C for 3 h	[39] [25]
Sr-hardystonite (Sr-HT)	xSrO–(2 − x)CaO–ZnO–2SiO2; x = 0.10	Sol-gel, sintered at 1250 °C for 3 h	[25]
Sphene (Sph)	CaO–TiO2–SiO2	Sol-gel, sintered at 1280 °C, time not reported	[40]
Baghdadite (Bag)	3CaO–ZrO2–2SiO2	Sol-gel, sintered at 1400 °C for 3 h Solid-state sintering at 1400 °C for 3 h	[33] [51]
Sr-Bag (Sr-Bag)	xSrO–(3 − x)CaO–ZrO2–2SiO2, x = 0.1, 0.75	Solid-state sintering at 1400 °C for 3 h	[41]
Cuprorivaite (Cup)	CaO–CuO–4SiO2	Sol-gel, calcined at 1000 °C	[35]
Gehlenite (GLN)	2CaO–Al2O3–SiO2	Solid-state sintering at 1400 °C for 3 h	[34]