Table 1.
Influence of polymer concentration and cell concentration on properties (Z values) of PVP-based bio-inks and their corresponding short-term cell viability.
| PVP Concentration (w/v) | Cell Concentration (mil Cells/mL) | Density (kg/m3) |
Viscosity (mPa·s) |
Surface Tension (mN/m) | Nozzle Radius (µm) | Z | Short-Term Viability (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0% | 1.0 | 1001.3 ± 3.9 | 0.85 ± 0.05 | 59.8 ± 0.2 | 50 | 64.36 | 80.1 ± 0.83 |
| 1% | 1.0 | 1009.3 ± 2.8 | 2.94 ± 0.03 | 51.5 ± 0.2 | 50 | 17.33 | 88.6 ± 0.83 |
| 2% | 1.0 | 1020.3 ± 2.7 | 5.29 ± 0.05 | 47.5 ± 0.2 | 50 | 9.30 | 92.4 ± 1.30 |
| 2.5% | 0.5 | 1024.3 ± 2.3 | 8.08 ± 0.13 | 43.7 ± 0.2 | 50 | 5.85 | 95.4 ± 0.71 |
| 2.5% | 1.0 | 1025.3 ± 3.1 | 8.19 ± 0.14 | 43.2 ± 0.2 | 50 | 5.75 | 95.4 ± 1.04 |
| 2.5% | 1.5 | 1026.3 ± 2.4 | 8.26 ± 0.13 | 42.7 ± 0.2 | 50 | 5.67 | 95.9 ± 0.78 |
| 2.5% | 2.0 | 1026.2 ± 2.8 | 8.41 ± 0.14 | 42.3 ± 0.2 | 50 | 5.54 | 96.1 ± 0.82 |
| 2.5% | 2.5 | 1027.2 ± 2.7 | 8.65 ± 0.15 | 42.1 ± 0.2 | 50 | 5.38 | - |
| 3% | 1.0 | 1029.8 ± 3.2 | 12.43 ± 0.20 | 41.7 ± 0.2 | 50 | 3.73 | - |