TABLE 1.
Previous versions and descriptions of game prototypes, 2011–2013
| Version | Game components | Role of player | Purpose of game |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lab Dash (directing a science lab) | Play as Lab Director: hire staff; submit papers; and address bias events | To show how time pressure and high cognitive load can increase the influence of implicit bias on decision makinga |
| 2 | Lab Dash: an almanac to introduce concepts; and interactions with NPCs (nonplayable characters) | Jamal or Geoffrey: play first as a Black and then as a white graduate student | To promote perspective taking and to develop bias literacy by having players experience implicit bias as Jamal, but not as Geoffrey |
| 3 | Different environments (e.g., lab, conferences); SciConnect—networking tool; new NPCs; and continued use of bias almanac | Jamal: interact with NPCs while in graduate school; succeed in networking despite bias incidents | Perspective-taking, as Jamal; increased friendliness or respect from NPCs leading to upgrades in the lab; to promote bias literacy, each NPC associated with one implicit bias concept |
| 4 | Fair Play: a point-and-click, avatar-based role-playing game; use of different environments, NPCs, and bias almanac | Jamal Davis: a Black student working to matriculate in graduate school despite experiencing subtle racial bias | To build player bias literacy through: perspective taking, as Jamal, while experiencing bias encounters in the environment or with characters; naming biases stored in almanac; exposure to counter stereotypic exemplars and images |