Table 1.
Baseline sample characteristics.
| Sample Characteristics | Men (N=1,151) | Women (N=2,358) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | .056 | ||
| 18–34 | 41 (3.6%) | 119 (5.0%) | |
| 35–44 | 308 (26.8%) | 572 (24.3%) | |
| 45–55 | 802 (69.7%) | 1667 (70.7%) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||
| White | 964 (83.9%) | 1802 (76.6%) | |
| Black | 108 (9.4%) | 422 (17.9%) | |
| Other | 77 (6.7%) | 130 (5.5%) | |
| Education | .075 | ||
| Less than high school | 46 (4.1%) | 137 (5.9%) | |
| High school | 479 (42.6%) | 951 (41.0%) | |
| More than high school | 600 (53.3%) | 1233 (53.1%) | |
| Marital status | <.001 | ||
| Married/living with a partner as if married | 738 (64.5%) | 1300 (55.3%) | |
| Not married | 406 (35.5%) | 1052 (44.7%) | |
| Number of children living in household | .019 | ||
| 0 | 553 (48.4%) | 1031 (43.9%) | |
| 1–2 | 472 (41.3%) | 1088 (46.3%) | |
| ≥ 3 | 118 (10.3%) | 230 (9.8%) | |
| Finances at the end of the month | <.001 | ||
| Some money left over | 435 (38.2%) | 618 (26.4%) | |
| Just enough to make ends meet | 427 (37.5%) | 877 (37.5%) | |
| Not enough to make ends meet | 278 (24.4%) | 843 (36.1%) | |
| Employment status | <.001 | ||
| Not working for pay | 300 (27.1%) | 1016 (43.6%) | |
| Working part time (<35 hours) | 102 (9.2%) | 362 (15.5%) | |
| Working full time (35–55 hours) | 553 (49.9%) | 861 (37.0%) | |
| Working full time with extended hours (>55 hours) | 154 (13.9%) | 89 (3.8%) | |
| Number of comorbid conditions, mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | <.001 |
| SAQ angina frequency, mean ± SD | 86.6 ± 17.9 | 82.8 ± 21.4 | <.001 |
| SAQ angina-related physical limitation, mean ± SD | 87.1 ± 20.6 | 78.6 ± 26.9 | <.001 |
| INTERHEART stressful life events scale, mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | <.001 |
| Low social support (based on ESSI) | 239 (21.0%) | 497 (21.4%) | 0.79 |
| Depression (based on PHQ) | 245 (21.9%) | 880 (38.7%) | <.001 |
| AMI severity | |||
| STEMI | 687 (59.7%) | 1138 (48.3%) | <.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock upon hospital admission | 5 (0.5%) | 16 (0.7%) | .38 |
| Ejection fraction <40% | 124 (11.1%) | 239 (10.5%) | .60 |
| GRACE risk score >99 | 88 (7.8%) | 200 (8.7%) | .35 |
| Hemodynamic instability | 92 (8.0%) | 209 (8.9%) | .39 |
| Present >6 hours after symptom onset | 418 (36.4%) | 1047 (44.5%) | <.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, in days, mean ± SD | 4.3 ± 3.4 | 4.8 ± 4.9 | <.001 |
| Country | .84 | ||
| United States | 956 (83.1%) | 1972 (83.6%) | |
| Spain | 173 (15.0%) | 338 (14.3%) | |
| Australia | 22 (1.9%) | 48 (2.0%) | |
| PSS-14 score | 23.4 ± 9.1 | 26.9 ± 9.9 | <.001 |
| PSS-10 score | 16.4 ± 7.6 | 19.7 ± 8.2 | <.001 |
Differences in characteristics between women and men were assessed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and student’s t tests for continuous variables.
AMI = acute myocardial infarction; ESSI = Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Social Support Inventory; GRACE = Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire; PSS-14 = 14 item Perceived Stress Scale; SAQ = Seattle Angina Questionnaire; SD = standard deviation; STEMI = ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction