Table 3.

Sex differences in perceived stress scale (PSS)-14 score over time, stratified by whether patient experienced angina after acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Explanatory variable	Patients with Angina after AMI				Patients without Angina after AMI
	Before adjustment for patient characteristicsa		After adjustment for patients characteristicsb		Before adjustment for patient characteristicsa		After adjustment for patients characteristicsb
	Coefficient	P value	Coefficient	P value	Coefficient	P value	Coefficient	P value
Female (vs. male)	3.31	<.001	1.72	<.001	3.20	<.001	1.80	<.001
Time
1 month (vs. baseline)	−3.20	<.001c	−1.40	<.001c	−4.69	<.001c	−2.72	<.001c
12 months (vs. baseline)	−3.95d	<.001c	−1.88e	<.001c	−5.45f	<.001c	−3.10g	<.001c

Coefficient estimates and p values were based on results from multivariable linear mixed effects models to account for correlation in repeated measures within the same individual over time.

^aModel adjusted for patient sex, time, and country.

^bModel adjusted for patient’s sex, time, and country; baseline age, race, education, marital status, number of children living in household, financial status, employment status, and number of comorbid conditions at baseline; AMI characteristics at initial admission, including ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) versus non-STEMI, cardiogenic shock upon hospital admission, ejection fraction <40%, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score >99, hemodynamic instability on arrival, presentation to the hospital >6 hours after symptom onset, and length of stay during the initial hospitalization; and time-varying measures of Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) angina-related physical limitation score, the INTERHEART stressful life events scale, low social support determined by the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Social Support Inventory (ESSI), and depression based on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

^cP value adjusted with step-down Bonferroni.

^dImplied a difference of −0.75 between 1-month and 12-month follow-up (p=0.04).

^eImplied a difference of −0.48 between 1-month and 12-month follow-up (p=0.48).

^fImplied a difference of −0.76 between 1-month and 12-month follow-up (p=.007).

^gImplied a difference of −0.38 between 1-month and 12-month follow-up (p=0.73).