Table 1.
Characteristics of VIRGO Study Participants in the Analytic Samplea (stratified by gender)
| Overall (N=2802) | US (N=2386) | Spain (N=416) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Women (N=1889) | Men (N=913) | p-value | Women (N=1619) | Men (N=767) | p-value | Women (N=270) | Men (N=146) | p-value | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Baseline | |||||||||
| Age, median (25%–75%) | 49 (44–52) | 48 (44–52) | 0.15 | 49 (44–52) | 48 (44–52) | 0.15 | 47 (42–51) | 48 (43–51) | 0.98 |
| Race, N (%) | |||||||||
| White | 1455 (77) | 776 (85) | <.001 | 1200 (74) | 638 (83) | <.001 | 255 (95) | 138 (95) | 0.82b |
| Black | 334 (18) | 78 (9) | 328 (20) | 74 (10) | 6 (2) | 4 (3) | |||
| Other | 96 (5) | 58 (6) | 88 (5) | 55 (7) | 8 (3) | 3 (2) | |||
| Education, N (%) | |||||||||
| < High school | 113 (6) | 39 (4) | 0.13 | 32 (2) | 12 (2) | 0.58 | 81 (32) | 27 (21) | 0.04 |
| High school | 745 (40) | 350 (39) | 652 (41) | 297 (39) | 93 (37) | 53 (40) | |||
| > High school | 1001 (54) | 504 (56) | 924 (58) | 452 (59) | 77 (31) | 52 (39) | |||
| Partnership status, N (%) | |||||||||
| Married/Cohabitating/Committed relationship | 1083 (58) | 608 (67) | <.001 | 891 (55) | 501 (65) | <.001 | 192 (72) | 107 (76) | 0.49b |
| Divorced/Separated | 478 (25) | 166 (18) | 439 (27) | 150 (20) | 39 (15) | 16 (11) | |||
| Widowed | 76 (4) | 6 (1) | 68 (4) | 5 (1) | 8 (3) | 1 (1) | |||
| Single | 230 (12) | 124 (14) | 205 (13) | 108 (14) | 25 (9) | 16 (11) | |||
| Other | 15 (1) | 3 (0) | 12 (1) | 2 (0) | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | |||
| One Year | |||||||||
| Partnership status, N (%) | |||||||||
| Married/Cohabitating/Committed relationship | 970 (53) | 569 (64) | <.001 | 767 (50) | 454 (62) | <.001 | 203 (76) | 115 (79) | 0.16b |
| Divorced/Separated | 450 (25) | 146 (17) | 412 (27) | 133 (18) | 38 (14) | 13 (9) | |||
| Widowed | 70 (4) | 6 (1) | 63 (4) | 5 (1) | 7 (3) | 1 (1) | |||
| Single | 327 (18) | 161 (18) | 307 (20) | 144 (20) | 20 (7) | 17 (12) | |||
| Other | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Psychosocial Characteristics | |||||||||
| Baseline | |||||||||
| Stress,c Mean (SD) | 27 (10) | 23 (9) | <.001 | 27 (10) | 23 (9) | <.001 | 26 (10) | 22 (9) | <.001 |
| Depression,d N (%) | 694 (38) | 189 (21) | <.001 | 597 (38) | 164 (22) | <.001 | 97 (38) | 25 (18) | <.001 |
| One Year | |||||||||
| Stress,c Mean (SD) | 23 (9) | 19 (9) | <.001 | 22 (9) | 19 (9) | <.001 | 27 (10) | 21 (8) | <.001 |
| Depression,d N (%) | 391 (22) | 93 (11) | <.001 | 303 (20) | 77 (11) | <.001 | 88 (33) | 16 (11) | <.001 |
| Health Characteristics | |||||||||
| Baseline | |||||||||
| Diabetes, N (%) | 701 (37) | 237 (26) | <.001 | 617 (38) | 200 (26) | <.001 | 84 (31) | 37 (25) | 0.22 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 1187 (63) | 554 (61) | 0.27 | 1066 (66) | 482 (63) | 0.15 | 121 (45) | 72 (49) | 0.38 |
| Physical Activity,e N (%) | |||||||||
| Recommended | 650 (35) | 383 (42) | <.001 | 558 (35) | 337 (44) | <.001 | 92 (34) | 46 (33) | 0.85 |
| Insufficient activity | 541 (29) | 241 (27) | 488 (30) | 210 (28) | 53 (20) | 31 (22) | |||
| Inactivity | 687 (37) | 281 (31) | 563 (35) | 217 (28) | 124 (46) | 64 (45) | |||
| AMI Severity,f Mean (SD) | 75.4 (18.2) | 73.1 (18.2) | 0.002 | 75.9 (18.6) | 73.5 (18.6) | 0.003 | 72.0 (15.4) | 70.7 (15.4) | 0.39 |
| Physical function, median (25%–75%) | 44 (34–54) | 50 (39–55) | <.001 | 43 (33–53) | 49 (38–55) | <.001 | 51 (42–56) | 54 (47–57) | 0.02 |
| One Year | |||||||||
| Physical Activity,e N (%) | |||||||||
| Recommended | 681 (38) | 452 (51) | <.001 | 546 (36) | 353 (48) | <.001 | 135 (51) | 99 (68) | <.001 |
| Insufficient activity | 571 (32) | 234 (27) | 533 (35) | 209 (29) | 38 (14) | 25 (17) | |||
| Inactivity | 554 (31) | 193 (22) | 461 (30) | 172 (23) | 93 (35) | 21 (15) | |||
| Physical function,g median (25%–75%) | 46 (35–54) | 52 (42–55) | <.001 | 46 (34–54) | 52 (41–56) | <.001 | 47 (38–52) | 52 (46–55) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: SD: Standard deviation;
Analytic sample is limited to those VIRGO participants with baseline, one month, and one year data.
Fisher’s exact test
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9≥10)
Inactivity defined as <10 minutes total per week of moderate- or vigorous-intensity activities; Insufficient activity defined as >10 minutes total per week of moderate- or vigorous-intensity activity, but less than the recommended level; and recommended physical activity defined as 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity activity OR 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity OR an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous activity.
Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Risk Score
Short-Form Health Survey Physical Composite Score (SF-12 PCS)